PSYC 301 UBC FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Optic nerve damage leads to - ANSWER no light reception in ipsilateral eye (other eye
fine)
Occipital lobe upper bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in the bottom
quadrant contralateral to the lesion in both eyes
Occipital lobe lower bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in the top
quadrant contralateral to the lesion in both eyes
Occipital lobe upper and lower bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in
both eyes on the half of the field contralateral to the lesion
"Where is it?" pathway - ANSWER Occipital --> parietal
Damage leads to: Hemispatial neglect; apperceptive agnosia
"What is it?" Pathway - ANSWER Occipital --> temporal
Damage leads to: visual object agnosia (associative agnosia); prosopagnosia;
simultanagnosia
Hemispatial neglect - ANSWER a syndrome where patients are unaware of the world on
one side of space, usually from damage to right posterior parietal cortex
visual object agnosia - ANSWER includes apperceptive and associative agnosias
Apperceptive agnosia - ANSWER a failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a
deficit at the level of object perception
cannot match objects
associative agnosia - ANSWER a failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a
deficit at the level of semantic memory
can match objects
prosopagnosia - ANSWER face blindness
simultanagnosia - ANSWER inability to perceieve whole objects or scenes
Corticospinal tract - ANSWER For voluntary movement
Internal capsule - ANSWER contralateral deficits
Sensory loss/numb/tingle/pain/weakness/paralysis if anterior damage (more arms/face)
,Weak/paralyzed legs for posterior
upper motor neuron lesion - ANSWER Brain signals --> body
Weakness
Inc. reflexes
Inc. tone
lower motor neuron lesion - ANSWER Body signals --> brain
Weakness
atrophy
fasciculations
Dec. reflexes
Dec. tone
Cerebellum role in motor control - ANSWER Procedural memory
fine motor movement
balance
limb coordination
lateral cerebellar lesion - ANSWER limb incoordination
medial cerebellar lesion - ANSWER trunk and posture problems
Cerebellar lesions - ANSWER IPSILATERAL DEFICITS
ataxic gait
intention tremor
Nystagmus
Scanning speech
Intention tremor - ANSWER tremor when reaching
Resting tremor - ANSWER tremor when not using muscle
Essential tremor - ANSWER constant tremor, not dangerous, common in old people
Nystagmus - ANSWER shaky eyes
Scanning speech - ANSWER lots of pauses, pitch changes?
,Basal ganglia role in motor control - ANSWER Involved in pathways for motor control
(and other things like emotion regulation)
Basal ganglia damage - ANSWER CONTRALATERAL DEFICITS
movement disorder
Weakness +/- involuntary movements
(cognitive/behavioural changes)
Hypokinetic movement disorders - ANSWER characterized by rigidity, slowness, and
marked difficulty initiating movements.
spasticity, rigidity, dystonia
Spasticity - ANSWER velocity and direction dependent resistance to movement
Rigidity - ANSWER resistance to movement that doesnt vary with velocity or direction
extrapyramidal lesions
Dystonia - ANSWER Sustained or repetitious muscle contractions resulting in abnormal
posturing
Hyperkinetic movement disorders - ANSWER tremor
tics
myoclonus
chorea
hemiballismus
Tremor - ANSWER rhythmic oscillations caused by intermittent muscle contractions
Tics - ANSWER paroxysmal, stereotyped muscle contractions (temporarily
suppressible)
Myoclonus - ANSWER shock-like, arythmic twitches
, in response to stimulus EG reflex testing
Chorea - ANSWER involuntary dance like movement
Hemiballismus - ANSWER Large-amplitude sudden, violent, flailing motions of the arm
and leg of one side of the body (unilateral)
Spastic gait - ANSWER one leg weak/hypertonic, same side arm tonic
from corticospinal tract anywhere
MCA stroke, cerebral palsy
ataxic gait - ANSWER drunk walk
cerebellar damage
parkinsonian gait - ANSWER penguin steps
parkinson's
Apraxia of movement - ANSWER Physically able to perform movement (not weakness),
but unable to execute movement
Loss of motor planning ability
Apraxia of speech - ANSWER impairment in the ability to program movements of the
tongue, lips, and throat required to produce the proper sequence of speech sounds
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Optic nerve damage leads to - ANSWER no light reception in ipsilateral eye (other eye
fine)
Occipital lobe upper bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in the bottom
quadrant contralateral to the lesion in both eyes
Occipital lobe lower bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in the top
quadrant contralateral to the lesion in both eyes
Occipital lobe upper and lower bank damage leads to - ANSWER Visual field damage in
both eyes on the half of the field contralateral to the lesion
"Where is it?" pathway - ANSWER Occipital --> parietal
Damage leads to: Hemispatial neglect; apperceptive agnosia
"What is it?" Pathway - ANSWER Occipital --> temporal
Damage leads to: visual object agnosia (associative agnosia); prosopagnosia;
simultanagnosia
Hemispatial neglect - ANSWER a syndrome where patients are unaware of the world on
one side of space, usually from damage to right posterior parietal cortex
visual object agnosia - ANSWER includes apperceptive and associative agnosias
Apperceptive agnosia - ANSWER a failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a
deficit at the level of object perception
cannot match objects
associative agnosia - ANSWER a failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a
deficit at the level of semantic memory
can match objects
prosopagnosia - ANSWER face blindness
simultanagnosia - ANSWER inability to perceieve whole objects or scenes
Corticospinal tract - ANSWER For voluntary movement
Internal capsule - ANSWER contralateral deficits
Sensory loss/numb/tingle/pain/weakness/paralysis if anterior damage (more arms/face)
,Weak/paralyzed legs for posterior
upper motor neuron lesion - ANSWER Brain signals --> body
Weakness
Inc. reflexes
Inc. tone
lower motor neuron lesion - ANSWER Body signals --> brain
Weakness
atrophy
fasciculations
Dec. reflexes
Dec. tone
Cerebellum role in motor control - ANSWER Procedural memory
fine motor movement
balance
limb coordination
lateral cerebellar lesion - ANSWER limb incoordination
medial cerebellar lesion - ANSWER trunk and posture problems
Cerebellar lesions - ANSWER IPSILATERAL DEFICITS
ataxic gait
intention tremor
Nystagmus
Scanning speech
Intention tremor - ANSWER tremor when reaching
Resting tremor - ANSWER tremor when not using muscle
Essential tremor - ANSWER constant tremor, not dangerous, common in old people
Nystagmus - ANSWER shaky eyes
Scanning speech - ANSWER lots of pauses, pitch changes?
,Basal ganglia role in motor control - ANSWER Involved in pathways for motor control
(and other things like emotion regulation)
Basal ganglia damage - ANSWER CONTRALATERAL DEFICITS
movement disorder
Weakness +/- involuntary movements
(cognitive/behavioural changes)
Hypokinetic movement disorders - ANSWER characterized by rigidity, slowness, and
marked difficulty initiating movements.
spasticity, rigidity, dystonia
Spasticity - ANSWER velocity and direction dependent resistance to movement
Rigidity - ANSWER resistance to movement that doesnt vary with velocity or direction
extrapyramidal lesions
Dystonia - ANSWER Sustained or repetitious muscle contractions resulting in abnormal
posturing
Hyperkinetic movement disorders - ANSWER tremor
tics
myoclonus
chorea
hemiballismus
Tremor - ANSWER rhythmic oscillations caused by intermittent muscle contractions
Tics - ANSWER paroxysmal, stereotyped muscle contractions (temporarily
suppressible)
Myoclonus - ANSWER shock-like, arythmic twitches
, in response to stimulus EG reflex testing
Chorea - ANSWER involuntary dance like movement
Hemiballismus - ANSWER Large-amplitude sudden, violent, flailing motions of the arm
and leg of one side of the body (unilateral)
Spastic gait - ANSWER one leg weak/hypertonic, same side arm tonic
from corticospinal tract anywhere
MCA stroke, cerebral palsy
ataxic gait - ANSWER drunk walk
cerebellar damage
parkinsonian gait - ANSWER penguin steps
parkinson's
Apraxia of movement - ANSWER Physically able to perform movement (not weakness),
but unable to execute movement
Loss of motor planning ability
Apraxia of speech - ANSWER impairment in the ability to program movements of the
tongue, lips, and throat required to produce the proper sequence of speech sounds
