OB Peds Final Exam Study Guide: Questions & Answers: Latest Updated Solution

what is hydrocephalus? (AnsA condition characterized by an increase of CSF in the ventricles in the brain d/t blockage of flow of CSF which causes an increase in the size of the head and pressure changes in the brain. what are the symptoms of hydrocephalus? (Ans- -Widening and bulging of the fontanels; separation of the cranial sutures, dilation of scalp veins, thin and shiny scalp, and rapidly increasing head circumference -Strabismus, sclera of the eye may be seen above the iris, may appear lethargic, cry is shrill and high-pitched, unable to hold head up, body thin with poor muscle tone what is the treatment of hydrocephalus? (Ans- -Surgical removal of tumor, if that is the cause -Surgical shunting for obstructions (Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Ventriculoatrial shunt-rare)-If unable to perform surgery, medical treatment will focus on the areas of nutrition, infection control, positioning, and stability of VS. what is pyloric stenosis? (Ansstenosis (narrowing) is an obstruction at the lower end of the stomach (pylorus) caused by an overgrowth (hypertrophy) of the circular muscles of the pylorus or by spasms of the sphincter -congenital but doesnt appear until 2-3 weeks old what are the symptoms of pyloric stenosis? (AnsPROJECTILE VOMITING -occurs immediately after feeding -vomit contains mucus and ingested milk -infant constantly hungry -OLIVE SHAPED mass felt in upper right quad of abdomen*** -malnutrition, dehydration, sunken fontanellewhat is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? (Anspyloromycotomy: surgery where the pyloric muscle is incised to enlarge the opening so food may easily pass through it again what is meningitis? (Ansinflammation of the meninges (covering of the brain and spinal cord) -Caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal (rare in immune-competent person) infection, Haemophilus influenzae most common what are the symptoms of meningitis? (Ans- -If bacterial, symptoms are a result of intracranial irritation from the purulent toxins released by the bacteria -The presence of petechiae suggests meningococcal infection -Severe headache -Drowsiness -Delirium -Irritability -Restlessness -Fever-Vomiting -Stiffness of the neck (nuchal rigidity) -High-pitched cry in infants -Seizures are common -Coma may occur what is the treatment for meningitis? (Ans- **The child is placed in droplet isolation until 24 hours after the appropriate antibiotics have been initiated** -spinal tap done to obtain CSF specimen -antibiotics selected based on C&S of CSF -restore fluid and elyte balance -anticonvulsant for risk of seizure activity (Dilantin) -Dexamethasone reduces complications of bacterial meningitis