Page | 1
ANTH 340 Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question: what maternal factors influence the embryo and/or fetus?
Ans✅ ✅: age of mother
systemic infection
intrauterine infection
inflammation
diet
environment
(ASSIDE)
Question: what is malaria's effect on a pregnancy?
Ans✅ ✅: causes spontaneous abortions; parasite affects placenta and prevents
oxygen and nutrients from getting to fetus
Question: why is folate consumption important during pregnancy?
Ans✅ ✅: folate deficiency can cause most congenital spina bifida cases
Question: what is fetal alcohol syndrome? what are the impacts of it on
a child? why is it a problem among some populations like South Africa?
Ans✅ ✅: caused by drinking during pregnancy; leading preventable cause of
cognitive delays and birth defects; growth deficiencies, abnormal facial features, and
CNS problems; problem in South Africa because owners of vineyards pay employees
with wine
Question: what is the Zika virus? how is it transmitted? what is its
impact on infants?
, Page | 2
Ans✅ ✅: it is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, humans and monkeys are the
reservoirs. zika syndrome- birth defects (microcephaly)
Question: how is birth weight a stabilizing selection?
Ans✅ ✅: birth weight predicts certain negative outcomes; mothers need good care
so babies are born at healthy weights
Question: why does it seem that breastfed babies are "falling behind"
their bottle-fed counterparts? does this hold true as they grow? how
might this prognosis influence a mother?
Ans✅ ✅: bottle fed infants put on weight and height faster than breastfed;
differences even out later on in life
Question: how is birth weight used as in indicator of a newborn's health
status? what can influence birth weight?
Ans✅ ✅: infants with lower birth weights are more likely to die from coronary heart
disease, more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. undernutrition during a pregnancy can
program fetal metabolism for times of scarcity and stress. over nutrition can result in
increased fat storage leading to being overweight
Question: what did Nestle do to encourage nursing mothers to switch to
formula? what problems did this cause?
Ans✅ ✅: led a campaign to make mothers in developing countries believe that their
baby formula was better for babies than breast milk (in most cases it is not); infants
died of malnutrition and complications of diarrhea because formula was expensive and
mothers would dilute it with dirty water
Question: historically, how has the medical field treated women's
health?
Ans✅ ✅: in the past, women were often not included in studies or clinical trials
Question: what is menstruation? what are menotoxins?
, Page | 3
Ans✅ ✅: menstruation is the onset of menarche, the shedding of endometrial tissue
and blood, endometrium prepares for an embryo by thickening and if not pregnant,
progesterone levels fall; menotoxins are toxins that are excreted during menstruation,
no evidence of them though
Question: in what ways are the reproductive lives of women more
medicalized than those of men?
Ans✅ ✅: women's reproductive health has been medicalized so that common
women's issues are seen as a medical problem that requires treatment
Question: what are the evolutionary hypotheses for why women
menstruate? know the theories for each
Ans✅ ✅: Margie Profet
Colin Finn
Beverly Strassman
Question: Margie Profet's Menstruation theory (1993)
Ans✅ ✅: the human pattern of ovulation and sexual activity increases the chance of
STDs, menstruation evolved to protect women from infection; evidence does not
support- no more pathogens before menstruation than after, women of all sexual
activity levels menstruate, change of infection is heightened during menstruation
Question: Colin Finn's menstruation theory (1994)
Ans✅ ✅: in other animals, the last part of endometrial development happens after
implantation, but in humans this happens before
Question: Beverly Strassmann's menstruation theory
ANTH 340 Final Exam Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question: what maternal factors influence the embryo and/or fetus?
Ans✅ ✅: age of mother
systemic infection
intrauterine infection
inflammation
diet
environment
(ASSIDE)
Question: what is malaria's effect on a pregnancy?
Ans✅ ✅: causes spontaneous abortions; parasite affects placenta and prevents
oxygen and nutrients from getting to fetus
Question: why is folate consumption important during pregnancy?
Ans✅ ✅: folate deficiency can cause most congenital spina bifida cases
Question: what is fetal alcohol syndrome? what are the impacts of it on
a child? why is it a problem among some populations like South Africa?
Ans✅ ✅: caused by drinking during pregnancy; leading preventable cause of
cognitive delays and birth defects; growth deficiencies, abnormal facial features, and
CNS problems; problem in South Africa because owners of vineyards pay employees
with wine
Question: what is the Zika virus? how is it transmitted? what is its
impact on infants?
, Page | 2
Ans✅ ✅: it is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, humans and monkeys are the
reservoirs. zika syndrome- birth defects (microcephaly)
Question: how is birth weight a stabilizing selection?
Ans✅ ✅: birth weight predicts certain negative outcomes; mothers need good care
so babies are born at healthy weights
Question: why does it seem that breastfed babies are "falling behind"
their bottle-fed counterparts? does this hold true as they grow? how
might this prognosis influence a mother?
Ans✅ ✅: bottle fed infants put on weight and height faster than breastfed;
differences even out later on in life
Question: how is birth weight used as in indicator of a newborn's health
status? what can influence birth weight?
Ans✅ ✅: infants with lower birth weights are more likely to die from coronary heart
disease, more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. undernutrition during a pregnancy can
program fetal metabolism for times of scarcity and stress. over nutrition can result in
increased fat storage leading to being overweight
Question: what did Nestle do to encourage nursing mothers to switch to
formula? what problems did this cause?
Ans✅ ✅: led a campaign to make mothers in developing countries believe that their
baby formula was better for babies than breast milk (in most cases it is not); infants
died of malnutrition and complications of diarrhea because formula was expensive and
mothers would dilute it with dirty water
Question: historically, how has the medical field treated women's
health?
Ans✅ ✅: in the past, women were often not included in studies or clinical trials
Question: what is menstruation? what are menotoxins?
, Page | 3
Ans✅ ✅: menstruation is the onset of menarche, the shedding of endometrial tissue
and blood, endometrium prepares for an embryo by thickening and if not pregnant,
progesterone levels fall; menotoxins are toxins that are excreted during menstruation,
no evidence of them though
Question: in what ways are the reproductive lives of women more
medicalized than those of men?
Ans✅ ✅: women's reproductive health has been medicalized so that common
women's issues are seen as a medical problem that requires treatment
Question: what are the evolutionary hypotheses for why women
menstruate? know the theories for each
Ans✅ ✅: Margie Profet
Colin Finn
Beverly Strassman
Question: Margie Profet's Menstruation theory (1993)
Ans✅ ✅: the human pattern of ovulation and sexual activity increases the chance of
STDs, menstruation evolved to protect women from infection; evidence does not
support- no more pathogens before menstruation than after, women of all sexual
activity levels menstruate, change of infection is heightened during menstruation
Question: Colin Finn's menstruation theory (1994)
Ans✅ ✅: in other animals, the last part of endometrial development happens after
implantation, but in humans this happens before
Question: Beverly Strassmann's menstruation theory
