GMS 6440 Final exam with correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
Skeletal System - correct answer✔✔Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
Muscular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: muscles, tendons
Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle - correct answer✔✔Skeletal - contractile proteins form
alternating patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
Digestive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store
energy, generate heat
How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? - correct
answer✔✔We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
Cardiovascular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: heart, blood, vessels
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
,Pathway of Circulatory System - correct answer✔✔Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium -
tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary vein
- Left Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein -
vena cava
Respiratory System - correct answer✔✔Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
lungs, alveoli
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? - correct answer✔✔Right has 3 and the left
has 2
Renal and Urinary System - correct answer✔✔Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
pH
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? - correct
answer✔✔We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine.
Endocrine System - correct answer✔✔Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands, gonads, etc
Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
Major hormones and their functions - correct answer✔✔GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production
, Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite.
Nervous System - correct answer✔✔Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
Female Reproductive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary
glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk
Menstrual cycle - correct answer✔✔ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation).
Distribution of Major Electrolytes - correct answer✔✔Na+: 10:1 outside
K+: 25:1 inside
Cl-: 5:1 outside
HCO3-: 2:1 outside
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
Organic anions: 15:1 inside
channels vs transporters - correct answer✔✔channels move water or ions and electrode
transporters are solute carriers or pumps
Permeability for passive diffusion - correct answer✔✔-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not
cross the membrane
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answers
Skeletal System - correct answer✔✔Organs: bones, cartilage, bone marrow
Function: provide support and protection, store calcium and minerals, form blood cells
Muscular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: muscles, tendons
Function: provide movement, support and protect, generate heat and maintain body temperate
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth Muscle - correct answer✔✔Skeletal - contractile proteins form
alternating patterns of light and dark (striations). Voluntary movement.
Cardiac - involuntary. Rich in capillaries, connective tissue supplies blood to the muscle
Smooth - involuntary. Grouped in irregular bundles, found lining internal organs.
Digestive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Function: process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, breakdown nutrients, store
energy, generate heat
How much intestinal juice is secrete and how much water is secreted into the feces? - correct
answer✔✔We produce anywhere between 6.5-8L of liquid a day but only lose 100 ml/day.
Cardiovascular System - correct answer✔✔Organs: heart, blood, vessels
Function: distribute nutrients and stuff, distribute heat and control body temp
,Pathway of Circulatory System - correct answer✔✔Deoxygenated Blood - Right Atrium -
tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - pulmonary artery - Lungs - Oxygenated Blood - pulmonary vein
- Left Atrium - mitral valve - Left Ventricle - Aorta - artery - arteriole - capillary - venule - vein -
vena cava
Respiratory System - correct answer✔✔Organs: nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
lungs, alveoli
Function: deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to blood, remove CO2 from blood, sound
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? - correct answer✔✔Right has 3 and the left
has 2
Renal and Urinary System - correct answer✔✔Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
Function: excrete waste from blood, control water balance, storing urine, regulate blood [ ] and
pH
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? - correct
answer✔✔We filter 170 L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine.
Endocrine System - correct answer✔✔Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal
glands, gonads, etc
Function: direct long-term changes in systems, metabolic activity, development
Major hormones and their functions - correct answer✔✔GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production
, Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite.
Nervous System - correct answer✔✔Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function: provide and interpret sensory info, coordinate activities of other systems
Female Reproductive System - correct answer✔✔Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary
glands
function: produce female sex cells, support embryo, provide milk
Menstrual cycle - correct answer✔✔ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge
triggers release of single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If
unfertilized, it is discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation).
Distribution of Major Electrolytes - correct answer✔✔Na+: 10:1 outside
K+: 25:1 inside
Cl-: 5:1 outside
HCO3-: 2:1 outside
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
Organic anions: 15:1 inside
channels vs transporters - correct answer✔✔channels move water or ions and electrode
transporters are solute carriers or pumps
Permeability for passive diffusion - correct answer✔✔-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not
cross the membrane
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely
-small, uncharged, polar molecules like glycerol can move to a small extent
