Ground Cover Fire Fighting Questions and Verified Answers,
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Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft
smoke, debris, and flame. Range in size from less than one foot to over 500 feet in diameter.
(Ch 1) - Fire Whirl
The distance between the flame tip and the midpoint of the flame depth at the base of the
flame, an indicator of fire intensity. (Ch 1) - Flame Length
transfer of heat in straight lines through a gas or vacuum other than by heating of the
intervening space. (Ch 1) - Radiation
The relative activity of a fire in extending its horizontal dimensions. It is expressed as a rate of
increase of the total perimeter of the fire. Usually it is expressed in chains or acres per hour for
a specfic period in the fire's history. (Ch 1) - Rate of Spread
Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new
fires beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire. (Ch 1) - Spotting
Burning of the foliage of a single tree or group of trees or shrubs from the bottom up. (Ch 1) -
Torching
The three C's in regards to the keys to resolving issues in multi-agency incidents. (Ch 1). -
Communication, Coordination, and Cooperation
Fires that burn in the layer of dead organic matter that generally covrs the soil in forested
areas. Slow moving, smoldering fires that can go undetected for months before they enter a
flaming stage(Ch 1) - Ground fires
, The most common type of ground cover fire, burning on the soil surface consuming low-lying
grass, shrubs, and other vegetation. (Ch 1) - Surface fires
Wind-driven, high intensity fires that move through the tree tops of heavily forested areas. (Ch
1) - Crown Fires
Needles, duff, twigs, grass, field crops, brush up to 6 feet in height, downed limbs, logging slash,
and small trees on or immediately adjacent to the surface of the ground. (Ch 1) - Surface
fuels
Suspended and upright fuels, brush over 6 ft, physically separate from ground and air can
circulate freely between them. (Ch 1) - Aerial fuels
The most critical weather element affecting wildland fire behavior. (Ch 1) - Wind
Local winds that develop in hilly and mountainous terrain where the differences in heating and
cooling occur. (Ch 1) - Slope winds
Develope as air in the valleys, draws, and hillsides become warmer that the air at the top of the
slope and begins to rise. Speeds generally between 3 and 8 mph and can be gusty. (Ch 1) -
Upslope winds
Generally occur after midnight and speeds range from 2 to 5 mph. (Ch 1) - Downslope
winds
There may be as much as a _____ degree difference between fuels in an open field and fuels
under a canopy. (Ch 1) - 60 degree
As a general guidline, RH levels below _______ are an indicator of a problem or extreme fire
behavior. (Ch 1) - 25%
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Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft
smoke, debris, and flame. Range in size from less than one foot to over 500 feet in diameter.
(Ch 1) - Fire Whirl
The distance between the flame tip and the midpoint of the flame depth at the base of the
flame, an indicator of fire intensity. (Ch 1) - Flame Length
transfer of heat in straight lines through a gas or vacuum other than by heating of the
intervening space. (Ch 1) - Radiation
The relative activity of a fire in extending its horizontal dimensions. It is expressed as a rate of
increase of the total perimeter of the fire. Usually it is expressed in chains or acres per hour for
a specfic period in the fire's history. (Ch 1) - Rate of Spread
Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new
fires beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire. (Ch 1) - Spotting
Burning of the foliage of a single tree or group of trees or shrubs from the bottom up. (Ch 1) -
Torching
The three C's in regards to the keys to resolving issues in multi-agency incidents. (Ch 1). -
Communication, Coordination, and Cooperation
Fires that burn in the layer of dead organic matter that generally covrs the soil in forested
areas. Slow moving, smoldering fires that can go undetected for months before they enter a
flaming stage(Ch 1) - Ground fires
, The most common type of ground cover fire, burning on the soil surface consuming low-lying
grass, shrubs, and other vegetation. (Ch 1) - Surface fires
Wind-driven, high intensity fires that move through the tree tops of heavily forested areas. (Ch
1) - Crown Fires
Needles, duff, twigs, grass, field crops, brush up to 6 feet in height, downed limbs, logging slash,
and small trees on or immediately adjacent to the surface of the ground. (Ch 1) - Surface
fuels
Suspended and upright fuels, brush over 6 ft, physically separate from ground and air can
circulate freely between them. (Ch 1) - Aerial fuels
The most critical weather element affecting wildland fire behavior. (Ch 1) - Wind
Local winds that develop in hilly and mountainous terrain where the differences in heating and
cooling occur. (Ch 1) - Slope winds
Develope as air in the valleys, draws, and hillsides become warmer that the air at the top of the
slope and begins to rise. Speeds generally between 3 and 8 mph and can be gusty. (Ch 1) -
Upslope winds
Generally occur after midnight and speeds range from 2 to 5 mph. (Ch 1) - Downslope
winds
There may be as much as a _____ degree difference between fuels in an open field and fuels
under a canopy. (Ch 1) - 60 degree
As a general guidline, RH levels below _______ are an indicator of a problem or extreme fire
behavior. (Ch 1) - 25%
