ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL, MULTIPLE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS| CORRECTLY ANSWERED| GRADED A+| 100% PASS
In a normal, nonmutant state, what is an oncogene referred to as?
a. Basal cell
b. Target cell
c. Caretaker gene
d. Proto-oncogene - ✔ANSWER D. In its normal nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a
proto-oncogene. A basal cell is in the innermost surface of epithelial tissue. Target cells are the recipients
of mutations or substances. A caretaker gene is responsible for the maintenance of genomic integrity.
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related
health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat?
a. Infection
b. Ultraviolet damage
c. Pain
d. Erythema - ✔ANSWER A. Decreased renewal rates of the epidermal layers in the skin may lead to
skin breakdown and dryness, altering the normal barrier protection against infection. The healthcare
professional should assess the patient for infection regularly and be prepared to treat any infection
noted. Radiation therapy may cause skin erythema (redness). Pain and ultraviolet damage is not related
to chemotherapies.
Which gastrointestinal tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
a. Increased cell turnover
b. Constipation
c. Stomatitis
d. Bloody stool - ✔ANSWER C. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may cause a decreased cell
turnover, thereby leading to oral ulcers (stomatitis), malabsorption, and diarrhea.
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients with cancer. Which patient does the professional
educate about brachytherapy?
a. Lung
,b. Colon
c. Cervical
d. Brain - ✔ANSWER C. Radiation sources, such as small 125I-labeled capsules (also called seeds), can
also be temporarily placed into body cavities, a delivery method termed brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is
useful in the treatment of cervical, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Brachytherapy is not used in
the treatment of the other cancers.
In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is
related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney?
a. Women older than 45 years of age
b. Women who have never had children
c. Women who have a high body mass index
d. Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years - ✔ANSWER C. A recent hypothesis states that
the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and
adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. No current research supports the remaining
options.
Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco
smoking?
a. Alcohol
b. Steroids
c. Antihistamines
d. Antidepressants - ✔ANSWER A. Alcohol interacts with smoke, increasing the risk of malignant
tumors, possibly by acting as a solvent for the carcinogenic chemicals in smoke products. No current
research supports steroids, antihistamines, or antidepressants as having an increased effect on the
incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking
Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?
a. Syphilis
b. Gonorrhea
c. Human papillomavirus
d. Pelvic inflammatory disease - ✔ANSWER C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common
sexually transmitted virus in the United States. High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A
,persistence of infection with high-risk HPV is a prerequisite for the development of cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and invasive cervical cancers. No research supports such a link
between syphilis, gonorrhea, or pelvic
Research has supported that alcohol consumption has a convincing impact on increasing the risk of
which cancer?
a. Lung
b. Breast
c. Pharynx
d. Pancreas - ✔ANSWER C. Research had shown that alcohol consumption has a convincing positive
impact on the risk of developing pharynx cancer. No research supports such a connection with the
remaining options.
A healthcare professional advises patients to exercise because it has a probable impact on reducing
which cancer?
a. Liver
b. Endometrial
c. Stomach
d. Colon - ✔ANSWER D. The expert panel report on exercise of the World Cancer Research
Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research found a convincing impact of exercise on risk of colon
cancer.
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves - ✔ANSWER A
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
, C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces - ✔ANSWER A
Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids - ✔ANSWER C
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing
antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L - ✔ANSWER B
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for
hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism - ✔ANSWER C
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for
hypermagnesemia as a priority? a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus d. Pancreatitis - ✔ANSWER B
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
ANSWERS| CORRECTLY ANSWERED| GRADED A+| 100% PASS
In a normal, nonmutant state, what is an oncogene referred to as?
a. Basal cell
b. Target cell
c. Caretaker gene
d. Proto-oncogene - ✔ANSWER D. In its normal nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a
proto-oncogene. A basal cell is in the innermost surface of epithelial tissue. Target cells are the recipients
of mutations or substances. A caretaker gene is responsible for the maintenance of genomic integrity.
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related
health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat?
a. Infection
b. Ultraviolet damage
c. Pain
d. Erythema - ✔ANSWER A. Decreased renewal rates of the epidermal layers in the skin may lead to
skin breakdown and dryness, altering the normal barrier protection against infection. The healthcare
professional should assess the patient for infection regularly and be prepared to treat any infection
noted. Radiation therapy may cause skin erythema (redness). Pain and ultraviolet damage is not related
to chemotherapies.
Which gastrointestinal tract condition can be an outcome of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
a. Increased cell turnover
b. Constipation
c. Stomatitis
d. Bloody stool - ✔ANSWER C. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may cause a decreased cell
turnover, thereby leading to oral ulcers (stomatitis), malabsorption, and diarrhea.
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients with cancer. Which patient does the professional
educate about brachytherapy?
a. Lung
,b. Colon
c. Cervical
d. Brain - ✔ANSWER C. Radiation sources, such as small 125I-labeled capsules (also called seeds), can
also be temporarily placed into body cavities, a delivery method termed brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is
useful in the treatment of cervical, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Brachytherapy is not used in
the treatment of the other cancers.
In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is
related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney?
a. Women older than 45 years of age
b. Women who have never had children
c. Women who have a high body mass index
d. Woman who have smoked for more than 10 years - ✔ANSWER C. A recent hypothesis states that
the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and
adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. No current research supports the remaining
options.
Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco
smoking?
a. Alcohol
b. Steroids
c. Antihistamines
d. Antidepressants - ✔ANSWER A. Alcohol interacts with smoke, increasing the risk of malignant
tumors, possibly by acting as a solvent for the carcinogenic chemicals in smoke products. No current
research supports steroids, antihistamines, or antidepressants as having an increased effect on the
incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking
Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?
a. Syphilis
b. Gonorrhea
c. Human papillomavirus
d. Pelvic inflammatory disease - ✔ANSWER C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common
sexually transmitted virus in the United States. High-risk, or oncogenic, HPVs can cause cancer. A
,persistence of infection with high-risk HPV is a prerequisite for the development of cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and invasive cervical cancers. No research supports such a link
between syphilis, gonorrhea, or pelvic
Research has supported that alcohol consumption has a convincing impact on increasing the risk of
which cancer?
a. Lung
b. Breast
c. Pharynx
d. Pancreas - ✔ANSWER C. Research had shown that alcohol consumption has a convincing positive
impact on the risk of developing pharynx cancer. No research supports such a connection with the
remaining options.
A healthcare professional advises patients to exercise because it has a probable impact on reducing
which cancer?
a. Liver
b. Endometrial
c. Stomach
d. Colon - ✔ANSWER D. The expert panel report on exercise of the World Cancer Research
Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research found a convincing impact of exercise on risk of colon
cancer.
Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by
A. Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters
B. Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves
C. Increasing the resting membrane potential
D. Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves - ✔ANSWER A
Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF)
compartment is primarily a function of:
A. Osmotic Forces
B. Plasma Oncotic Pressure
, C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Hydrostatic forces - ✔ANSWER A
Two thirds of the body's water is found in its
a. Interstitial fluid spaces
b. Vascular system
c. Intracellular fluid compartments
d. Intraocular fluids - ✔ANSWER C
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing
antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior?
a. Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
b. Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL
c. Sodium 149 mEq/L
d. Potassium 2.5 mEq/L - ✔ANSWER B
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for
hyperkalemia?
a. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Vomiting
c. Renal failure
d. Hyperaldosteronism - ✔ANSWER C
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for
hypermagnesemia as a priority? a. Hepatitis
b. Renal failure
c. Trauma to the hypothalamus d. Pancreatitis - ✔ANSWER B
Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene?
