NSG-300 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions|Sure to pass|Graded A+|Revised 2025/2026 Edition

NSG-300 Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions|Sure to pass|Graded
A+|Revised 2025/2026 Edition
1. hyperventilation - ANSWER Ventilation in excess of that required to
eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism.
2. What are factors that decrease the oxygen-carrying capacity of the
blood - ANSWER anemia and inhalation of toxic substances (CO).
3. tachypnea - ANSWER rapid breathing >20 breaths/min.
4. residual volume - ANSWER is the amount of air left in the alveoli after a
full expiration.
5. inspiration - ANSWER an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors
in the aorta.
6. dyspnea - ANSWER difficult or labored breathing.
7. airway resistance - ANSWER the increase in pressure that occurs as the
diameter of the airways decreases from mouth/nose to alveoli.
8. What is a normal SPO2 range for patients with COPD - ANSWER 88%-
92%.
9. What are the three steps in the process of oxygenation? - ANSWER
ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion.
10.pulsed oximetry - ANSWER provides an instant feedback about the
patient's level of oxygenation.
11.tachycardia - ANSWER Abnormally rapid HR >100 bpm.
12.hypoventilation - ANSWER Alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet the
body's oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide.



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,13.expiration - ANSWER a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil
properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work.
14.cyanosis - ANSWER Blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
caused by the presence of desaturated hemoglobin in capillaries, a late sign
of hypoxia.
15.ventilation - ANSWER the process of moving gases into and out of the
lungs.
16.forced vital capacity - ANSWER the maximum amount of air that can be
removed from the lungs during forced expiration.
17.central cyanosis - ANSWER observed in the tongue, soft palate, and
conjunctiva of the eye where blood flow is high, indicates hypoxemia.
18.peripheral cyanosis - ANSWER seen in the extremities, nail beds, and
earlobes, often due to vasoconstriction and stagnant blood flow.
19.What can induce hyperventilation - ANSWER Severe anxiety, infection,
drugs, or an acid-base imbalance.
20.What can cause hypovolemia and why? - ANSWER shock and severe
dehydration because extracellular fluid loss reduces circulating blood
volume.
21.respiration - ANSWER the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
cellular metabolism.
22.signs and symptoms of hypoventilation - ANSWER mental status changes,
dysrhythmias, and potential cardiac arrest.
23.airway maintenance requires... - ANSWER hydration to prevent thick,
tenacious secretions; proper coughing techniques; interventions like
suctioning, chest physiotherapy, and nebulizer therapy.
24.What affects the rate of diffusion? - ANSWER thickness of membrane
(increased thickness slows gas transfer).
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,25.ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) - ANSWER a significant potential
complication because the artificial airway tube bypasses many of the lung's
normal defense mechanisms.
26.What is a normal temperature range for elderly population? - ANSWER
35-36.1°C or 95-97°F.
27.increased vs decreased airway resistance - ANSWER increased:
bronchoconstriction; decreased: bronchodilation.
28.What are the stages of the change model? - ANSWER precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.
29.hypoxia - ANSWER Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level.
30.What is a normal WBC count? - ANSWER 5,000–10,000.
31.What are factors affecting temperature: circadian rhythm - ANSWER
lowest temperature at 6 am, highest at 4 pm (in healthy people).
32.hyperthermia - ANSWER abnormally high body temperature due to
inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.
33.What are the clinical signs and symptoms of hypoxia? - ANSWER
apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, decreased consciousness,
dizziness, behavioral changes.
34.atelectasis - ANSWER a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
35.What is the most effective position for promoting lung expansion and
reducing pressure from the abdomen on diaphragm? - ANSWER 45-
degree semi-Fowler's.
36.What are complementary/alternative therapies that influence
metabolism? - ANSWER provide high protein, high-calorie diet with
vitamin C supplements.


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, 37.What are complementary/alternative therapies that influence
respiratory? - ANSWER cough and deep breathe every 1–2 hours; chest
physiotherapy (CPT).
38.What are complementary/alternative therapies that influence
integumentary? - ANSWER reposition every 1–2 hours; provide skin care.
39.What are complementary/alternative therapies that influence
elimination system? - ANSWER adequate hydration, increase fruits and
vegetables, increase fiber.
40.What are complementary/alternative therapies that influence
cardiovascular? - ANSWER leg exercises, hose, compression socks.
41.dyspnea - ANSWER difficult or labored breathing.
42.What is the normal respiratory rate range? - ANSWER 12–20 breaths
per minute.
43.What is the nurses role in measuring, analyzing, and reporting
abnormal vital signs? - ANSWER Assess, create nursing diagnosis,
develop plan, implement, evaluate outcomes.
44.pulse oximetry - ANSWER provides instant feedback about oxygenation.
45.oxygen therapy - ANSWER The goal is to prevent or relieve hypoxia by
delivering oxygen at concentrations greater than ambient air (21%).
46.nasal cannula - ANSWER delivers low concentrations of oxygen through
two prongs that rest in the nostrils.
47.oxygen mask - ANSWER fits over nose and mouth to deliver oxygen,
humidity, and/or heated humidity.
48.What needs to be considered in a patient with COPD? - ANSWER Avoid
over-oxygenation; they are used to lower oxygen levels.
49.pursed-lip breathing - ANSWER deep inspiration and prolonged expiration
through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse.
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