BSC 108 Exam 2 (University of Alabama)
The process of photosynthesis does what? - ✅✅ -captures light energy from the sun and
converts it to chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules
Equation for Photosynthesis in Words - ✅✅-water + carbon Dioxide + light energy --> glucose
+ oxygen
Equation for Photosynthesis - ✅✅-6H2O + 6CO2 + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Water enters plants through? - ✅✅-their roots
Carbon Dioxide enters plants through? - ✅✅-pores in the leaf called stomata
Photosynthesis occurs in? - ✅✅-chloroplast
Structure of a chloroplast - ✅✅-stroma, thylakoid membrane, grana, inner and outer
membrane
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the? - ✅✅-inner thylakoid membrane
The primary function of plant pigments is? - ✅✅-to absorb solar energy
What happens in light dependent reactions? - ✅✅-Energy from sunlight is absorbed and
converted into chemical energy (ATP)
Where do light dependent reactions take place? -✅✅-thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
What is a light independent reaction called? - ✅✅-Calvin Cycle
What happens in light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)? - ✅✅-Uses CO2 and the ATP
and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce sugar/glucose.
✅✅-provide the energy for sugar synthesis
In the Calvin Cycle, ATP is used to? -
In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH is used for? - ✅✅-electrons in the reduction of carbon dioxide into
sugar
Where do light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur? - ✅✅-the area in the chloroplast
called the stroma
Leaves are green because? - ✅✅ -chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue and red light, but
reflect or transmit green-yellow light
Process of light dependent reactions - ✅✅-chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and ejects an
electron, which is passed down an electron chain, and water is split, releasing O2
✅✅-H2O, ADP, and NADP+
Requirements for light dependent reactions -
Products for light-dependent reactions - ✅✅-O2 and the energy-storing compounds ATP and
NADH
, How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 photosynthesis? - ✅✅-C3 photosynthesis
produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin Cycle while C4 photosynthesis makes an
intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin
Cycle
C3 Photosynthesis - ✅✅
-The most common form of photosynthesis- a one-stage process in
which atmospheric CO2 is used to form 3-phosphoglycerate, a three-carbon sugar
C4 photosynthesis - ✅✅ -The two-stage photosynthetic pathway in which CO2 is first fixed in
mesophyll cells to form 4-carbon acids, and then the 4-carbon acids are broken down into
3-carbon acids in the bundle sheath cells
Examples of C4 plants - ✅✅-sugarcane and corn
Why do some plants use C4 photosynthesis? - ✅✅-It is an adaptation for hot and dry weather
Photosynthesis - ✅✅-the process that stores energy in the form of glucose
Cellular Respiration - ✅✅-the process that releases energy from glucose
An oxidation reaction involves? - ✅✅-the loss of electrons
A reduction reaction involves? - ✅✅-the gain of electrons
Glucose from food is converted to? - ✅✅-Co2, releasing energy that is used to produce ATP
in the process of cellular respiration
Formula for cellular respiration in words - ✅✅-glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water +
energy
Formula for cellular respiration - ✅✅-C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
Aerobic respiration - ✅✅-Respiration that requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration - ✅✅-Respiration that does not require oxygen
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen? - ✅✅-The electron transport chain
Cellular respiration takes place in? - ✅✅-the mitochondria of all eukaryotic organisms
Structure of Mitochondria - ✅✅-Outer membrane that covers the organelle and contains it like
a skin, the inner membrane which folds over many times and creates layered structures called
cristae, and the fluid contained inside the mitochondria called the matrix
Three stages of Cellular Respiration - ✅✅-glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and
the electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis take place during cellular respiration? - ✅✅-the cytosol of the
cytoplasm
Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur? - ✅✅-the matrix of a mitochondrion
The process of photosynthesis does what? - ✅✅ -captures light energy from the sun and
converts it to chemical energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules
Equation for Photosynthesis in Words - ✅✅-water + carbon Dioxide + light energy --> glucose
+ oxygen
Equation for Photosynthesis - ✅✅-6H2O + 6CO2 + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Water enters plants through? - ✅✅-their roots
Carbon Dioxide enters plants through? - ✅✅-pores in the leaf called stomata
Photosynthesis occurs in? - ✅✅-chloroplast
Structure of a chloroplast - ✅✅-stroma, thylakoid membrane, grana, inner and outer
membrane
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the? - ✅✅-inner thylakoid membrane
The primary function of plant pigments is? - ✅✅-to absorb solar energy
What happens in light dependent reactions? - ✅✅-Energy from sunlight is absorbed and
converted into chemical energy (ATP)
Where do light dependent reactions take place? -✅✅-thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
What is a light independent reaction called? - ✅✅-Calvin Cycle
What happens in light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)? - ✅✅-Uses CO2 and the ATP
and NADPH from light dependent reactions to produce sugar/glucose.
✅✅-provide the energy for sugar synthesis
In the Calvin Cycle, ATP is used to? -
In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH is used for? - ✅✅-electrons in the reduction of carbon dioxide into
sugar
Where do light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur? - ✅✅-the area in the chloroplast
called the stroma
Leaves are green because? - ✅✅ -chlorophyll molecules absorb violet-blue and red light, but
reflect or transmit green-yellow light
Process of light dependent reactions - ✅✅-chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and ejects an
electron, which is passed down an electron chain, and water is split, releasing O2
✅✅-H2O, ADP, and NADP+
Requirements for light dependent reactions -
Products for light-dependent reactions - ✅✅-O2 and the energy-storing compounds ATP and
NADH
, How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 photosynthesis? - ✅✅-C3 photosynthesis
produces a three-carbon compound via the Calvin Cycle while C4 photosynthesis makes an
intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound for the Calvin
Cycle
C3 Photosynthesis - ✅✅
-The most common form of photosynthesis- a one-stage process in
which atmospheric CO2 is used to form 3-phosphoglycerate, a three-carbon sugar
C4 photosynthesis - ✅✅ -The two-stage photosynthetic pathway in which CO2 is first fixed in
mesophyll cells to form 4-carbon acids, and then the 4-carbon acids are broken down into
3-carbon acids in the bundle sheath cells
Examples of C4 plants - ✅✅-sugarcane and corn
Why do some plants use C4 photosynthesis? - ✅✅-It is an adaptation for hot and dry weather
Photosynthesis - ✅✅-the process that stores energy in the form of glucose
Cellular Respiration - ✅✅-the process that releases energy from glucose
An oxidation reaction involves? - ✅✅-the loss of electrons
A reduction reaction involves? - ✅✅-the gain of electrons
Glucose from food is converted to? - ✅✅-Co2, releasing energy that is used to produce ATP
in the process of cellular respiration
Formula for cellular respiration in words - ✅✅-glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water +
energy
Formula for cellular respiration - ✅✅-C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP
Aerobic respiration - ✅✅-Respiration that requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration - ✅✅-Respiration that does not require oxygen
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen? - ✅✅-The electron transport chain
Cellular respiration takes place in? - ✅✅-the mitochondria of all eukaryotic organisms
Structure of Mitochondria - ✅✅-Outer membrane that covers the organelle and contains it like
a skin, the inner membrane which folds over many times and creates layered structures called
cristae, and the fluid contained inside the mitochondria called the matrix
Three stages of Cellular Respiration - ✅✅-glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and
the electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis take place during cellular respiration? - ✅✅-the cytosol of the
cytoplasm
Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur? - ✅✅-the matrix of a mitochondrion
