NRSG 211 exam 1 review Questions With Complete Solutions| Latest release | 2025/2026 Newest Version| Sure bet A+

1. Nutrients are needed for _________ and other vital functions within the body - ANSWER: Metabolism 2. What does protein do for the body? - ANSWER: builds, repairs, and replaces body tissue 3. Carbohydrates are a major _______ source - ANSWER: energy 4. When there are insufficient carbs in the diet to meet energy needs of the body, _________ _______ are broken down and used for energy - ANSWER: protein stores 5. What are vitamins used for in the body? - ANSWER: catalysts for the use of other nutrients for energy; promote normal growth 6. Vitamins are _______ substances present in _______ amounts in food - ANSWER: organic, small 7. What are minerals used for in the body? - ANSWER: catalysts in biochemical reactions; help balance body pH; involved in most of body's metabolic processes 8. Minerals are ________ elements that act as ________ in biochemical reactions - ANSWER: Inorganic, catalysts 9. Excess of one _______ can lead to deficiency of another - ANSWER: mineral 10. What is water used for in the body? - ANSWER: needed for cell's fluid environment; regulates body functions 11. _______ have the greatest % of water weight and ________ adults the least - ANSWER: infants, older 12. Water is _____ to _____% of total body weight - ANSWER: 60-70% 13. Catabolism vs Anabolism - ANSWER: Catabolism = breakdown; Anabolism = synthesis 14. Chemical energy is produced by..... - ANSWER: carbs, proteins & fat 15. Mechanical energy is produced by..... - ANSWER: muscle contraction 16. Electrical energy is produced by..... - ANSWER: Nervous system 17. ________ is the primary fuel for metabolism - ANSWER: Glucose 2 18. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANSWER: energy needs of a person at rest while awake 19. Simple carbs are _____ chain sugars - ANSWER: short 20. Complex carbs are _____ chain sugars - ANSWER: long -- takes longer to breakdown 21. Soluble fiber slows ______ transit and prevents _____ - ANSWER: GI, diarrhea 22. Insoluble fiber increases intestinal _________ and prevents _________ - ANSWER: movement, constipation 23. Essential amino acids are not made by the body and can only be obtained from _______ - ANSWER: food 24. Examples of protein - ANSWER: beans, nuts, seeds, eggs, meat 25. Fat is ______ energy and has _____ the energy of carbs and proteins - ANSWER: stored, 2x 26. What are fats/lipids used for in the body? - ANSWER: provides long-term energy; stores energy in the body 27. Bad fatty acids (2) - ANSWER: Trans and saturated fatty acids 28. Good fatty acids (2) - ANSWER: omega 6 and omega 3 29. General guidelines recommend ________ saturated fats & cholesterol, increase _________ carbs to lower cholesterol levels - ANSWER: decreasing, complex 30. Water soluble vitamins (B&C) are stored _______ term - ANSWER: short 31. Fat souble vitamins (4) - ANSWER: A, D, E, K 32. Minerals (6) - ANSWER: Ca, phosphorus, K, Mg, Na, Iron 33. Glycogen is _________ glucose - ANSWER: stored 34. Nutrition Assessment Components (3) - ANSWER: diet, medication/medical hx, physical examination (wt) 35. BMI recommended range - ANSWER: 18.5-24.9 36. Overweight BMI - ANSWER: 24.9-29.9 37. Obese BMI - ANSWER: above 29.9 38. Dysphagia - ANSWER: difficulty swallowing 39. Dysphagia major sign (aspiration) - ANSWER: coughing during or after swallowing 40. Enteral tube feedings - ANSWER: tube going directly into GI tract delivering nutrientd & fluids 3 41. Indications for Enteral tube feeding - ANSWER: Prescribed by Dr after dietician consult if pt can't ingest, chew, or swallow food BUT CAN digest & absorb nutrients