Instructor Manual: Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
SolutionManualFor h h
Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
h h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 1-19 h
Chapter 1: Engine Operation h h h
TABLE OF CONTENTS H H
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter .................................................................................................... 2
h h h h h
Chapter Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 2
h
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments............................................................................... 2
h h h h h h
Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 3
h
What’s New in This Chapter....................................................................................................................... 3
h h h h
Chapter Outline ........................................................................................................................................... 3
h
Lesson Hints ................................................................................................................................................. 5
h
Reading Assignment .................................................................................................................................... 5
h
Written Assignments ................................................................................................................................... 5
h
Chapter 1 Answers To Study Questions....................................................................................................... 5
h h h h h
Chapter 1 Answers To ASE-Style Review Questions .................................................................................... 6
h h h h h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
h h h h h
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER H H H H H
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the basic construction and operation of an internal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
combustion engine. It describes the many engine components and how to identify the various pieces. Also
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
explained are the different engine classifications along with the different systems and how they work
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
together to keep the engine operating effectively.
h h h h h h h
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES H
Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to:
h h h h h h h h h h
• Explain the principles of internal combustion engine operation.
h h h h h h h
• Identify internal combustion engine parts by name.
h h h h h h
• Explain various engine classifications and systems.
h h h h h
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENTS H H H H H H
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
h h h h h h h h
Chapter Activity/Assessment Source (i.e., PPT h h Duration
Objective slide, Workbook) h
Explain the h Icebreaker PPT slide 2 h h 10–15 mins h
principles of
h h
internal
h
combustion
h
engine operation.
h h
Identify internal h Activity PPT slide 27 h h 10–20 minutesh
combustion
h
engine parts by
h h h
name.
h
Explain various h Self-Assessment PPT slide 29 h h 5–10 minutes
h
engine
h
classifications
h
and
h
systems.
[return to top] h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
2
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
h h h h h
KEY TERMS H
BDC: Bottom Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the bottom of the stroke
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
bimetal engine: Engines composed of cast iron block and aluminum heads
h h h h h h h h h h
blowby: Gasses that escape past piston rings
h h h h h h
companion cylinders: term given to pairs of cylinders found in engines with even number of cylinders
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
compression ratio: the ratio at which the air fuel gas mixture is compressed
h h h h h h h h h h h h
h displacement: refers to the volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder
h h h h h h h h h h h
h firing order: The sequence in which the spark plugs fire in each cylinder
h h h h h h h h h h h h
lower end: Refers to the location at the bottom of the block where the crankshaft and bearings are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hlocated
TDC: Top Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the top of the stroke
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
transverse engine: term given to the engines in front wheel drive vehicles
h h h h h h h h h h h
[return to top] h h
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER H H H H
[Information to be added later by author] h h h h h h
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
h h h h h h h h h h h
[return to top] h h
CHAPTER OUTLINE H
• In a simple one-cylinder engine, the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the piston is changed
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to usable rotary motion by the connecting rod and crankshaft. A flywheel gives momentum to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
crankshaft between power strokes. Valves control the engine’s intake and exhaust. (PPT Slide 4)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• During one four-stroke cycle, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes are completed.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
This action takes 720°, or two crankshaft revolutions. (PPT Slide 5)
h h h h h h h h h h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation h h h h h
• The compression ratio is how the engine makes the most efficient use of the combustion event in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
each cylinder. The higher the compression ratio the more potential output a cylinder has. (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slide 6)
h h
• Cylinders are arranged in-line, in a V-type, or opposed to each other. The most popular
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
automotive engines have four, six, or eight cylinders. (PPT Slide 7)
h h h h h h h h h h h
• The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves and, thus, the way that the engine
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
breathes. Different cam grinds provide better low-speed or better high-speed operation. (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slides 8, 9)
h h h
• The camshaft is driven by a chain, a belt, or gears. (PPT Slide 8)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Camshafts are driven by a timing chain or a timing belt. (PPT Slides 8, 9)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Cylinder rows, called banks, are determined from the flywheel end of the engine. A complete
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
engine assembly including the heads is called a long block; without heads it is called a short
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
block. (PPT Slide 12, 13)
h h h h h
• The crankcase houses the crankshaft and bearings. It is enclosed by the oil pan. The crankshaft
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
has a flywheel on one end and a vibration damper or pulley on the other end. The part that the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
bearing rides against is called the main or rod bearing journal. Crankpins on four cylinders are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
offset from each other by 180°, in-line six cylinders by 120°, and V8s by 90°. (PPT Slides 14)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Engine sizes are described by their cylinder displacement, usually in liters. Engine breathing
h h h h h h h h h h h h
determines the power that the engine develops. (PPT Slide 15)
h h h h h h h h h h
• The location of the camshaft depends on the engine design and the type of vehicle the engine is
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
being put in. Cam-In Block engines have the camshaft in the cylinder block. Overhead cam
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
engines have the camshaft in the cylinder head. (PPT Slide 17)
h h h h h h h h h h h
• Engine cylinders are fired in one of several firing orders. (PPT Slide 21)
h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Pairs of pistons that go up and down together but fire 360°from each other are called
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
companions. (PPT Slide 19)
h h h h
• Most engines have liquid cooling systems that use coolant to prevent rust and corrosion and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
provide additional protection against freezing and boiling. (PPT Slides 23–25)
h h h h h h h h h h
• Spark ignition engines utilize a spark plug to start the ignition event. (PPT Slide 26)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Compression engines utilize heat and pressure to start the ignition event in the cylinder (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slide 27)
h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
4
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
SolutionManualFor h h
Automotive Engines Diagnosis, Repair, and Rebuilding 9th Edition Tim Gilles, Tim LeVan
h h h h h h h h h h h
Chapter 1-19 h
Chapter 1: Engine Operation h h h
TABLE OF CONTENTS H H
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter .................................................................................................... 2
h h h h h
Chapter Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 2
h
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments............................................................................... 2
h h h h h h
Key Terms .................................................................................................................................................... 3
h
What’s New in This Chapter....................................................................................................................... 3
h h h h
Chapter Outline ........................................................................................................................................... 3
h
Lesson Hints ................................................................................................................................................. 5
h
Reading Assignment .................................................................................................................................... 5
h
Written Assignments ................................................................................................................................... 5
h
Chapter 1 Answers To Study Questions....................................................................................................... 5
h h h h h
Chapter 1 Answers To ASE-Style Review Questions .................................................................................... 6
h h h h h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
h h h h h
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER H H H H H
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to the basic construction and operation of an internal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
combustion engine. It describes the many engine components and how to identify the various pieces. Also
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
explained are the different engine classifications along with the different systems and how they work
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
together to keep the engine operating effectively.
h h h h h h h
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES H
Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to:
h h h h h h h h h h
• Explain the principles of internal combustion engine operation.
h h h h h h h
• Identify internal combustion engine parts by name.
h h h h h h
• Explain various engine classifications and systems.
h h h h h
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENTS H H H H H H
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
h h h h h h h h
Chapter Activity/Assessment Source (i.e., PPT h h Duration
Objective slide, Workbook) h
Explain the h Icebreaker PPT slide 2 h h 10–15 mins h
principles of
h h
internal
h
combustion
h
engine operation.
h h
Identify internal h Activity PPT slide 27 h h 10–20 minutesh
combustion
h
engine parts by
h h h
name.
h
Explain various h Self-Assessment PPT slide 29 h h 5–10 minutes
h
engine
h
classifications
h
and
h
systems.
[return to top] h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
2
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation
h h h h h
KEY TERMS H
BDC: Bottom Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the bottom of the stroke
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
bimetal engine: Engines composed of cast iron block and aluminum heads
h h h h h h h h h h
blowby: Gasses that escape past piston rings
h h h h h h
companion cylinders: term given to pairs of cylinders found in engines with even number of cylinders
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
compression ratio: the ratio at which the air fuel gas mixture is compressed
h h h h h h h h h h h h
h displacement: refers to the volume that the piston displaces in the cylinder
h h h h h h h h h h h
h firing order: The sequence in which the spark plugs fire in each cylinder
h h h h h h h h h h h h
lower end: Refers to the location at the bottom of the block where the crankshaft and bearings are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
hlocated
TDC: Top Dead Center, referring to the location of the piston at the top of the stroke
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
transverse engine: term given to the engines in front wheel drive vehicles
h h h h h h h h h h h
[return to top] h h
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER H H H H
[Information to be added later by author] h h h h h h
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
h h h h h h h h h h h
[return to top] h h
CHAPTER OUTLINE H
• In a simple one-cylinder engine, the reciprocating (up-and-down) motion of the piston is changed
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to usable rotary motion by the connecting rod and crankshaft. A flywheel gives momentum to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
crankshaft between power strokes. Valves control the engine’s intake and exhaust. (PPT Slide 4)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• During one four-stroke cycle, the intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes are completed.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
This action takes 720°, or two crankshaft revolutions. (PPT Slide 5)
h h h h h h h h h h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
, Instructor Manual: Chapter 1: Engine Operation h h h h h
• The compression ratio is how the engine makes the most efficient use of the combustion event in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
each cylinder. The higher the compression ratio the more potential output a cylinder has. (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slide 6)
h h
• Cylinders are arranged in-line, in a V-type, or opposed to each other. The most popular
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
automotive engines have four, six, or eight cylinders. (PPT Slide 7)
h h h h h h h h h h h
• The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves and, thus, the way that the engine
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
breathes. Different cam grinds provide better low-speed or better high-speed operation. (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slides 8, 9)
h h h
• The camshaft is driven by a chain, a belt, or gears. (PPT Slide 8)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Camshafts are driven by a timing chain or a timing belt. (PPT Slides 8, 9)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Cylinder rows, called banks, are determined from the flywheel end of the engine. A complete
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
engine assembly including the heads is called a long block; without heads it is called a short
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
block. (PPT Slide 12, 13)
h h h h h
• The crankcase houses the crankshaft and bearings. It is enclosed by the oil pan. The crankshaft
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
has a flywheel on one end and a vibration damper or pulley on the other end. The part that the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
bearing rides against is called the main or rod bearing journal. Crankpins on four cylinders are
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
offset from each other by 180°, in-line six cylinders by 120°, and V8s by 90°. (PPT Slides 14)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Engine sizes are described by their cylinder displacement, usually in liters. Engine breathing
h h h h h h h h h h h h
determines the power that the engine develops. (PPT Slide 15)
h h h h h h h h h h
• The location of the camshaft depends on the engine design and the type of vehicle the engine is
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
being put in. Cam-In Block engines have the camshaft in the cylinder block. Overhead cam
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
engines have the camshaft in the cylinder head. (PPT Slide 17)
h h h h h h h h h h h
• Engine cylinders are fired in one of several firing orders. (PPT Slide 21)
h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Pairs of pistons that go up and down together but fire 360°from each other are called
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
companions. (PPT Slide 19)
h h h h
• Most engines have liquid cooling systems that use coolant to prevent rust and corrosion and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
provide additional protection against freezing and boiling. (PPT Slides 23–25)
h h h h h h h h h h
• Spark ignition engines utilize a spark plug to start the ignition event. (PPT Slide 26)
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
• Compression engines utilize heat and pressure to start the ignition event in the cylinder (PPT
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Slide 27)
h h
© 2024 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
4
haccessible website, in whole or in part.
h h h h h h
