1
AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM SPRING
1.
2. Indemnity Payment: Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
3. Liability: A legal responsibility
4. Negligence: An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
5. Nursing Malpractice: A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes
physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person
in the nurse's care
6. Respondeat Superior: An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employ-
ee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employ-
ment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
7. Tort: A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
8. What are the four elements of malpractice?: • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
9. Elements of Informed Consent: • Must be obtained by the licensed profession-
al who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all
implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
10. Five Rights of Delegation: Right
taskRight circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
11. Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have
pg. 1
, 2
an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain: • Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
pg. 2
, 3
12. Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a
particular patient: • Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
13. The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines: • Clear liq-
uids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
14. Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anes-
thesia professional with Cricoid Pressure: • Cricoid pressure application is
not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is
confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse
that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse
should retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
15. General anesthesia: • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress
response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
16. Regional anesthesia: • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that
causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
17. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC): An anesthesia provider monitors the pa-
tient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical
services as required.
18. Moderate sedation: • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxi-
olytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate
sedation.
pg. 3
, 4
19. Local anesthesia: • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anes-
thetize a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
20. Phases of general anesthesia: • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anes-
thetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are
discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
21. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants:: 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
21. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex:: reversal agent for rocuronium,
vecuronium, and pancuronium
22. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam: Flumazenil
23. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:: Naloxone
24. Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia: • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
25. Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia: •
Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
26. Signs of Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): • œ is—triggered by inhalation anesthet-
ic gases and succinylcholine
• Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide is the most specific sign of MH.
pg. 4
AORN PERIOP 101 FINAL EXAM SPRING
1.
2. Indemnity Payment: Payment made on behalf of the policy holder
3. Liability: A legal responsibility
4. Negligence: An act or failure to act that deviates from the standard of care
5. Nursing Malpractice: A nurse's negligence or any intentional act that causes
physical, financial, emotional, psychosocial, and/or cognitive damage to the person
in the nurse's care
6. Respondeat Superior: An employer is legally responsible for the nurse employ-
ee only when:
o The nurse acts within the scope of practice
o Any allegations brought against the nurse occurred during the nurse's employ-
ment
o The nurse's actions were within the employer's best interests.
7. Tort: A breach of duty to another person as outlined by law
8. What are the four elements of malpractice?: • Duty
• Breach of duty
• The breach of duty caused an injury
• The injury was harmful to the patient
9. Elements of Informed Consent: • Must be obtained by the licensed profession-
al who is performing the procedure
• The patient must give consent voluntarily with the full understanding of all
implications
• Must include
o Diagnosis
o Proposed treatment
o Treatment alternatives
o Consequences of accepting or declining the proposed treatment
10. Five Rights of Delegation: Right
taskRight circumstance
Right person
Right communication and direction
Right supervision and evaluation
11. Four types of patient privacy health care providers and personnel have
pg. 1
, 2
an ethical and legal responsibility to always maintain: • Medical information
• Physical exposure
• Personal privacy
• Electronic privacy
pg. 2
, 3
12. Eight factors to consider before determining what anesthetic to use for a
particular patient: • Patient's age
• Length & type of surgery
• Patient & surgeon preferences
• Patient's co-existing diseases
• Patient's mental & psychological status
• Patient's previous experiences with anesthesia
• Plans & protocols for postoperative pain management
• Position of the patient during surgery
13. The American Society of Anesthesiologist's NPO Guidelines: • Clear liq-
uids - stop 2 hours before surgery
• Breast milk - stop 4 hours before surgery
• Infant formula - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Light meal (toast & a clear liquid) - stop 6 hours before surgery
• Fried foods, fatty foods, meat - stop 8 hours before surgery
14. Circulator RN duties during Induction of anesthesia and assisting anes-
thesia professional with Cricoid Pressure: • Cricoid pressure application is
not released until the endotracheal (ET) tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is
confirmed, and anesthesia provider has given a verbal confirmation to the nurse
that the cricoid pressure can be released.
• If intubation or ventilation of the patient becomes difficult, the perioperative nurse
should retrieve additional airway equipment and supplies.
15. General anesthesia: • A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness
• Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress
response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree
16. Regional anesthesia: • An injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that
causes reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body
• Examples include spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks.
17. Monitored anesthesia care (MAC): An anesthesia provider monitors the pa-
tient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical
services as required.
18. Moderate sedation: • The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxi-
olytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision
• Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate
sedation.
pg. 3
, 4
19. Local anesthesia: • The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anes-
thetize a part of the body
• The perioperative nurse provides patient monitoring and supportive care.
20. Phases of general anesthesia: • Phase I: Induction
o IV medications and inhalational agents are administered by the anesthesia
provider.
• Phase II: Maintenance
o Medications and inhalational agents are administered to keep the patient anes-
thetized.
• Phase III: Emergence o At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are
discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to wake up.
21. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Muscle relaxants:: 1. neostigmine
2. edrophonium.
Note: There is no reversal agent for succinylcholine
21. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Sugammadex:: reversal agent for rocuronium,
vecuronium, and pancuronium
22. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam: Flumazenil
23. Anesthesia Reversal agents: Narcotics: Fentanyl:: Naloxone
24. Patients at Increased Risk for Hypothermia: • Older adults
• Infants and children
• Women
• Patients with lower-than-normal body weight
25. Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Hypothermia: •
Hypothyroidism
• Hypoglycemia
• Burns
• Trauma
• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Cardiac vessel disease
26. Signs of Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): • œ is—triggered by inhalation anesthet-
ic gases and succinylcholine
• Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide is the most specific sign of MH.
pg. 4
