COGSCI 115 Midterm - UC Berkeley
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) - CORRECT ANSWER Involved in planning, judgment,
emotional control, and self-referential mental activity
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) - CORRECT ANSWER Integrates cognitive and
affective information, processes conflicting information, and plays a role in awareness, selective
attention, pain perception, and impulse control
Insula - CORRECT ANSWER Important for body awareness, sense of self, emotional
experience, empathy, compassion, and addiction
Nucleus Accumbens - CORRECT ANSWER Part of the basal ganglia, associated with
reward and pleasure
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER Traditionally associated with negative emotions but
also codes for pleasure
Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER Plays a role in memory, particularly the formation
of new memories.
Default Mode Network (DMN) - CORRECT ANSWER A network of brain regions that
are active when the brain is at rest, not focused on any particular task. It is thought to be involved
in self-reflection, daydreaming, and mind-wandering.
Active when the brain is at rest and implicated in self-representation and self-consciousness,
potentially playing a role in eudaimonic happiness
,Blind Individuals - CORRECT ANSWER Blind participants showed activation in visual
cortical areas during tactile tasks, indicating that the brain can adapt by recruiting areas typically
used for other senses
Neural Correlates of Happy Memories - CORRECT ANSWER PET and fMRI studies
utilizing autobiographical recall methods suggest that remembering happy events activates:
PFC
ACC
Insula
Parietal sensory cortices
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia (e.g., caudate nucleus and ventral striatum)
Limbic structures (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus)
Prefrontal and Orbitofrontal Cortices - CORRECT ANSWER The location of activation
within these regions may differentiate happy from sad memories, with happy memories
activating more medial areas and sad memories more lateral areas.
Impact of Money Priming - CORRECT ANSWER - Endorsement of Existing Systems:
People may be more likely to justify the status quo when exposed to money cues, particularly
when feeling threatened, dependent on the system, or low in personal control.23 24
- Multiple Meanings of Money: Money can have different associations for individuals, leading to
varied effects:25
- Free Market Systems: Money priming may lead individuals in settings where money is strongly
linked to free market principles (e.g., students at a university known for its economics
department) to endorse those systems more readily.25
Empty Cup Analogy - CORRECT ANSWER illustrate the point that we cannot give to
others if we ourselves are depleted. Cultivating our own happiness allows us to better support
and contribute to the happiness of those around us
, Levels of Organization: - CORRECT ANSWER cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER Individual neurons are the basic units of the nervous system,
responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information.
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER Nerves and ganglia are collections of neurons that work
together to perform specific functions
Organs - CORRECT ANSWER The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous
system (CNS), responsible for integrating and coordinating information from the entire body.
System - CORRECT ANSWER The nervous system as a whole encompasses both the
CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Neuron Structure - CORRECT ANSWER Dendrites
Cell Body (Soma)
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Buttons
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER Branch-like extensions that receive incoming signals
from other neurons.
Cell Body (Soma) - CORRECT ANSWER Contains the nucleus and integrates
information from dendrites.
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER A long, slender projection that carries electrical signals
away from the cell body.
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) - CORRECT ANSWER Involved in planning, judgment,
emotional control, and self-referential mental activity
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) - CORRECT ANSWER Integrates cognitive and
affective information, processes conflicting information, and plays a role in awareness, selective
attention, pain perception, and impulse control
Insula - CORRECT ANSWER Important for body awareness, sense of self, emotional
experience, empathy, compassion, and addiction
Nucleus Accumbens - CORRECT ANSWER Part of the basal ganglia, associated with
reward and pleasure
Amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER Traditionally associated with negative emotions but
also codes for pleasure
Hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER Plays a role in memory, particularly the formation
of new memories.
Default Mode Network (DMN) - CORRECT ANSWER A network of brain regions that
are active when the brain is at rest, not focused on any particular task. It is thought to be involved
in self-reflection, daydreaming, and mind-wandering.
Active when the brain is at rest and implicated in self-representation and self-consciousness,
potentially playing a role in eudaimonic happiness
,Blind Individuals - CORRECT ANSWER Blind participants showed activation in visual
cortical areas during tactile tasks, indicating that the brain can adapt by recruiting areas typically
used for other senses
Neural Correlates of Happy Memories - CORRECT ANSWER PET and fMRI studies
utilizing autobiographical recall methods suggest that remembering happy events activates:
PFC
ACC
Insula
Parietal sensory cortices
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglia (e.g., caudate nucleus and ventral striatum)
Limbic structures (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus)
Prefrontal and Orbitofrontal Cortices - CORRECT ANSWER The location of activation
within these regions may differentiate happy from sad memories, with happy memories
activating more medial areas and sad memories more lateral areas.
Impact of Money Priming - CORRECT ANSWER - Endorsement of Existing Systems:
People may be more likely to justify the status quo when exposed to money cues, particularly
when feeling threatened, dependent on the system, or low in personal control.23 24
- Multiple Meanings of Money: Money can have different associations for individuals, leading to
varied effects:25
- Free Market Systems: Money priming may lead individuals in settings where money is strongly
linked to free market principles (e.g., students at a university known for its economics
department) to endorse those systems more readily.25
Empty Cup Analogy - CORRECT ANSWER illustrate the point that we cannot give to
others if we ourselves are depleted. Cultivating our own happiness allows us to better support
and contribute to the happiness of those around us
, Levels of Organization: - CORRECT ANSWER cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER Individual neurons are the basic units of the nervous system,
responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information.
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER Nerves and ganglia are collections of neurons that work
together to perform specific functions
Organs - CORRECT ANSWER The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous
system (CNS), responsible for integrating and coordinating information from the entire body.
System - CORRECT ANSWER The nervous system as a whole encompasses both the
CNS and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Neuron Structure - CORRECT ANSWER Dendrites
Cell Body (Soma)
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Buttons
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER Branch-like extensions that receive incoming signals
from other neurons.
Cell Body (Soma) - CORRECT ANSWER Contains the nucleus and integrates
information from dendrites.
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER A long, slender projection that carries electrical signals
away from the cell body.
