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CSCI 340 – Operating Systems Midterm Study Guide

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CSCI 340 Operating Systems midterm exam. It covers OS fundamentals, including definitions of processes, threads, programs, kernels, and executables. Topics include process management (process states, PCB, scheduling, context switching, fork, exec, wait, exit), interprocess communication (shared memory, message passing, RPC), multitasking, and system calls. It also reviews memory organization (stack, heap, data, text sections, virtual memory), interrupts and handlers, machine cycle, user vs. kernel mode, drivers, compilers, and interpreters. Networking concepts such as IP addresses, DNS, ports, sockets, and protocols are also included, along with OS functions like resource management, I/O, security, and user interfaces.

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What is an operating system?


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A special program (needs CPU) that manages hardware and provides other
programs with an environment to run

,Can shared memory kind of IPC communication be used for two processes running
on two different computers? Why do you think so?


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No because shared memory requires a region of memory physically shared
by multiple processes.




List five process states (use the naming from our textbook and class please)


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-New (not ready to use)
-Ready (ready and willing)
-Running (using the CPU right now)
-Waiting (doesn't need the CPU right now)
-Terminated (won't need the CPU anymore)




What is I/O queue? How many I/O queues do you expect in the system?


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I/O queue = buffer that holds data waiting to be transferred between an
I/O device and the CPU


The amount depends on the system.




What is multitasking? How is it arranged?

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Technique to pick simultaneous execution of multiple programs on a single
CPU core, uses I/O controller (scheduling) to manage which process gets
device, when, and for how much time




What is an executable file?


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A file that contains a sequence of instructions that can be executed directly
by OS




What is compiler? What are compiler advantages?


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Compiler is a program that takes source code and translates it into CPU
instructions, advantages: improved performance




What is (networking) socket?


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An endpoint for communication between two programs running on the
network. It is a combination of IP address + Networking port
Ex: 123.445.67:80 (IP:Networking port)

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