Endocrine System- ANAT 1053 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what processes do hormones control - CORRECT ANSWER - reproduction, growth and
development, immune system, regulation of metabolism, maintenance od homeostasis
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - ductless glands; secretions are released directly
into bloodstream or lymph
examples of endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenals,
parathyroids
exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes its hormones into ducts that ultimately lead
to exterior of body
examples of exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - salivary gland, sweat gland, pancreas
Hormone Classification - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acid- Based and Steroids
amino acid based hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins, peptides, amines, most major
hormones are this EXCEPT for steroid hormones
steroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - made from cholesterol, ex: sex hormones,
glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids
hormone action - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to its specific target organ or cell as a "lock
and key"; the target cells must have specific protein receptors, hormones arouse cells
, hormone mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Direct gene activation
2. second messenger system
direct gene activation - CORRECT ANSWER - used by steroid hormones
second messenger system - CORRECT ANSWER - used by water soluble, non steroid
hormones
Direct Gene Activation Steps - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. steroid hormones diffuse through
the plasma membrane of target cells
2. steroid hormones enter then nucleus
3. steroid hormones bind to a specific nuclear receptor protein
4. hormone receptors complex binds to specific sites on the cells DNA
5. certain genes are activated that result in sysnthesis of new proteins
Second Messenger System Steps - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. hormone (first messenger) binds
to a membrane receptor on the plasma membrane of target cell
2. activated receptor sets off a series of reactions that activates an enzyme
3. enzyme catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecule such as cyclic AMP
4. second messenger oversees additional intracellular changes to cause a specific response in the
target cell
what is negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - in which a stimulus causes an opposite
output to the stimulus in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated
(homeostastis)
Control of Hormone Release - CORRECT ANSWER - hormonal, humoral, neural
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what processes do hormones control - CORRECT ANSWER - reproduction, growth and
development, immune system, regulation of metabolism, maintenance od homeostasis
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - ductless glands; secretions are released directly
into bloodstream or lymph
examples of endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenals,
parathyroids
exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - secretes its hormones into ducts that ultimately lead
to exterior of body
examples of exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER - salivary gland, sweat gland, pancreas
Hormone Classification - CORRECT ANSWER - Amino Acid- Based and Steroids
amino acid based hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins, peptides, amines, most major
hormones are this EXCEPT for steroid hormones
steroid hormones - CORRECT ANSWER - made from cholesterol, ex: sex hormones,
glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids
hormone action - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to its specific target organ or cell as a "lock
and key"; the target cells must have specific protein receptors, hormones arouse cells
, hormone mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Direct gene activation
2. second messenger system
direct gene activation - CORRECT ANSWER - used by steroid hormones
second messenger system - CORRECT ANSWER - used by water soluble, non steroid
hormones
Direct Gene Activation Steps - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. steroid hormones diffuse through
the plasma membrane of target cells
2. steroid hormones enter then nucleus
3. steroid hormones bind to a specific nuclear receptor protein
4. hormone receptors complex binds to specific sites on the cells DNA
5. certain genes are activated that result in sysnthesis of new proteins
Second Messenger System Steps - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. hormone (first messenger) binds
to a membrane receptor on the plasma membrane of target cell
2. activated receptor sets off a series of reactions that activates an enzyme
3. enzyme catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecule such as cyclic AMP
4. second messenger oversees additional intracellular changes to cause a specific response in the
target cell
what is negative feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - in which a stimulus causes an opposite
output to the stimulus in order to maintain an ideal level of whatever is being regulated
(homeostastis)
Control of Hormone Release - CORRECT ANSWER - hormonal, humoral, neural
