ANAT1019 Theory UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
muscles of the anterior thigh - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sartorius- biarticular- 2 asis hip
joints and flexors
- Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris (RF)*- biarticular- 2 asis hip joints and flexors
- Vastus intermedius(VI)
- Vastus lateralis(VL)
- Vastus medialis -longus (VML) - linea aspera and intertrochanteric - vertical -obliquus (VMO)
- horizontal 55 degrees abduct magnus, tendon, retinacular, medial for stability
- femoral nerve
cords - CORRECT ANSWER - - lateral- amterior division first 2 (lateral cord c5-7)-
musculocutaneous, median (both medial and lateral cord)
- medial- innervate anterior compartment and palm of hand)- where the m comes from- median
and ulnar nerve- c8-t1
- posterior- innervate posterior muscles- arm and posterior forearm, subscapularis, latissimus (
thoracodorsal)
- near pec minor and axillary artery
sacroiliac joint motion - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of the sacrum in the sagittal plane
Body weight forces the base of the sacrum anteriorly & inferiorly - apex posteriorly & superiorly
= anterior tilt of sacrum relative to ilium
= sacral nutation Counternutation= opposite
2 situations:
• Sacrum moving on ilium (body weight)
• Ilium moving on sacrum
Osteology of the shoulder region - CORRECT ANSWER - - clavicle
,- scapula
- proximal humerus
- sternum
- thoracic cage
- thoracic spine
arthrology of the shoulder region joints - CORRECT ANSWER - - sternoclavicular joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
scapular plane - CORRECT ANSWER - 30- 45 degrees from the frontal plane
movements of the clavicle - CORRECT ANSWER - • Elevation (shrug shoulders) and
depression (not as far due to the first rib so it is less than elevation, the interclavicular limit will
tighten) occur about an anteroposterior axis.
• Protraction (lateral end moves anterior, Posterior sternoclavicular will limit or resist
costoclavicular) and retraction (anterior sternoclavicular and costoclavicular) occur about a
vertical axis.
• Posterior (upward) and anterior rotation occur about a mediolateral axis.
(occur at the SCJ)
- Lateral displacement- interclavicular
- Medial displacement- meniscus
movements of the scapula- translations - CORRECT ANSWER - - elevation- follow dome of
the ribs- anteriorly tilt forward- moves clavicle as well
- depression
- abduction/ protraction- turn around thoracic cage
- adduction- retraction
,movements of the scapula- rotations - CORRECT ANSWER - - upward / superior / lateral
rotation - glenoid fossa moves superiorly
- downward / inferior / medial rotation
- anterior & posterior tilt around a medial-lateral axis
- internal & external rotation (inferior angle, reference point, same movement as superior
rotation) around a vertical axis:
- Tilt and internal rotation etc- not as mobile due to the thoracic cage
sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER - the clavicle and • the sternum & 1st costal
cartilage Disparity in size of the joint surfaces
- bones- interlock- least mobile
- Clavicular notch not a deep socket for large and stubby surface of clavicle
well stabilised by ligaments and lateral co, trap ligament- structures at each end secure the
clavicle
Passive structures that stabilise the SCJ - CORRECT ANSWER - Ligaments:
• Anterior sternoclavicular
• Posterior sternoclavicular (will limit or resist sternoclavicular protraction)
- an and post extra collagen type 1 fibres of the fibrous capsule to reinforce
• Interclavicular - between notch
• Costoclavicular- Inferior of medial clavicle (will limit or resist sternoclavicular protraction)
- between first rib and depression in the clavicle- fibres in many directions- short and strong-
resist movement in every direction except INFERIOR
- cup and attach on superior of medial clavicle
+Meniscus / intra-articular disc- increase depth of socket to accept medial end of the clavicle
- Relies heavily on ligaments and discs
- Tall - superior and inferior- wall anterior and posterior
- Always costoclavicular and the fibrous capsule- will help resist movement
, what is the structural classification of the sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER -
synovial saddle joint
what is the functional classification of the sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER -
Biaxial diarthrosis
what are the movements of the clavicle and sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Elevation (acromion process) -depression
2. Protraction (acromion process)-retraction
scj axis
conjunct rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - not done actively- consequence of ligament
tightening
Tightening of conoid ligament
- does not require the use of scj and acj
- extra range of movement
conoid ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - links movement of the scapula & clavicle
• Coracoid process to
• conoid tubercle (inferior & posteriorpoint of the lateral convex curve of clavicle)
(vertical fibres)
- suspends scapula & resists superior glide of lateral clavicle
- base of coracoid process and conoid tubercle- vertical
If not lateral end pop up
-stop separating clav from scp when elevatio
abduction of the upper limb steps - CORRECT ANSWER - -à upward rotation of scapula
-à moves coracoid process away from conoid tubercle
- à tightens conoid ligament
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
muscles of the anterior thigh - CORRECT ANSWER - - Sartorius- biarticular- 2 asis hip
joints and flexors
- Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris (RF)*- biarticular- 2 asis hip joints and flexors
- Vastus intermedius(VI)
- Vastus lateralis(VL)
- Vastus medialis -longus (VML) - linea aspera and intertrochanteric - vertical -obliquus (VMO)
- horizontal 55 degrees abduct magnus, tendon, retinacular, medial for stability
- femoral nerve
cords - CORRECT ANSWER - - lateral- amterior division first 2 (lateral cord c5-7)-
musculocutaneous, median (both medial and lateral cord)
- medial- innervate anterior compartment and palm of hand)- where the m comes from- median
and ulnar nerve- c8-t1
- posterior- innervate posterior muscles- arm and posterior forearm, subscapularis, latissimus (
thoracodorsal)
- near pec minor and axillary artery
sacroiliac joint motion - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of the sacrum in the sagittal plane
Body weight forces the base of the sacrum anteriorly & inferiorly - apex posteriorly & superiorly
= anterior tilt of sacrum relative to ilium
= sacral nutation Counternutation= opposite
2 situations:
• Sacrum moving on ilium (body weight)
• Ilium moving on sacrum
Osteology of the shoulder region - CORRECT ANSWER - - clavicle
,- scapula
- proximal humerus
- sternum
- thoracic cage
- thoracic spine
arthrology of the shoulder region joints - CORRECT ANSWER - - sternoclavicular joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
scapular plane - CORRECT ANSWER - 30- 45 degrees from the frontal plane
movements of the clavicle - CORRECT ANSWER - • Elevation (shrug shoulders) and
depression (not as far due to the first rib so it is less than elevation, the interclavicular limit will
tighten) occur about an anteroposterior axis.
• Protraction (lateral end moves anterior, Posterior sternoclavicular will limit or resist
costoclavicular) and retraction (anterior sternoclavicular and costoclavicular) occur about a
vertical axis.
• Posterior (upward) and anterior rotation occur about a mediolateral axis.
(occur at the SCJ)
- Lateral displacement- interclavicular
- Medial displacement- meniscus
movements of the scapula- translations - CORRECT ANSWER - - elevation- follow dome of
the ribs- anteriorly tilt forward- moves clavicle as well
- depression
- abduction/ protraction- turn around thoracic cage
- adduction- retraction
,movements of the scapula- rotations - CORRECT ANSWER - - upward / superior / lateral
rotation - glenoid fossa moves superiorly
- downward / inferior / medial rotation
- anterior & posterior tilt around a medial-lateral axis
- internal & external rotation (inferior angle, reference point, same movement as superior
rotation) around a vertical axis:
- Tilt and internal rotation etc- not as mobile due to the thoracic cage
sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER - the clavicle and • the sternum & 1st costal
cartilage Disparity in size of the joint surfaces
- bones- interlock- least mobile
- Clavicular notch not a deep socket for large and stubby surface of clavicle
well stabilised by ligaments and lateral co, trap ligament- structures at each end secure the
clavicle
Passive structures that stabilise the SCJ - CORRECT ANSWER - Ligaments:
• Anterior sternoclavicular
• Posterior sternoclavicular (will limit or resist sternoclavicular protraction)
- an and post extra collagen type 1 fibres of the fibrous capsule to reinforce
• Interclavicular - between notch
• Costoclavicular- Inferior of medial clavicle (will limit or resist sternoclavicular protraction)
- between first rib and depression in the clavicle- fibres in many directions- short and strong-
resist movement in every direction except INFERIOR
- cup and attach on superior of medial clavicle
+Meniscus / intra-articular disc- increase depth of socket to accept medial end of the clavicle
- Relies heavily on ligaments and discs
- Tall - superior and inferior- wall anterior and posterior
- Always costoclavicular and the fibrous capsule- will help resist movement
, what is the structural classification of the sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER -
synovial saddle joint
what is the functional classification of the sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER -
Biaxial diarthrosis
what are the movements of the clavicle and sternoclavicular joint - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Elevation (acromion process) -depression
2. Protraction (acromion process)-retraction
scj axis
conjunct rotation - CORRECT ANSWER - not done actively- consequence of ligament
tightening
Tightening of conoid ligament
- does not require the use of scj and acj
- extra range of movement
conoid ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - links movement of the scapula & clavicle
• Coracoid process to
• conoid tubercle (inferior & posteriorpoint of the lateral convex curve of clavicle)
(vertical fibres)
- suspends scapula & resists superior glide of lateral clavicle
- base of coracoid process and conoid tubercle- vertical
If not lateral end pop up
-stop separating clav from scp when elevatio
abduction of the upper limb steps - CORRECT ANSWER - -à upward rotation of scapula
-à moves coracoid process away from conoid tubercle
- à tightens conoid ligament
