ANAT1019 neuro mid-sem UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what structure exists at day 10 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bilaminar disc
what structure exists at day 14 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Trilaminar disc with
three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
what occurs at day 18 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - folding of the germ layers
how does the neural tube and associated structures (i.e. neural crest cells and somites) form from
the trilaminar disc? - CORRECT ANSWER - the ectodermal layer folds in on itself until the
walls connect forming the neural tube. Any other crests of ectoderm remaining become the
neural crest cells. Mesoderm develops into somite blocks on either side of the tube.
what stimulates the folding of the ectoderm into the neural tube? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
notochord (part of the mesoderm)
what is neuralation? - CORRECT ANSWER - the development of the nervous system from
the neural tube
what are the three primary vesicles of the neural tube? At what approximate time of development
do they form? - CORRECT ANSWER - prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon.
Form at approximately 3 weeks
what are the 5 secondary vesicles and at what approximate time of development do they form? -
CORRECT ANSWER - telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon,
myelencephalon. 5 weeks.
,what are the adult structure associated with the 5 secondary vesicles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - telencephalon: cerebrum, diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus,
mesencephalon: midbrain, metencephalon: pons and cerebrum, myelencephalon: medulla
oblongata
what are the two alar plates of the embryonic spinal cord and what are they separated by? -
CORRECT ANSWER - dorsal and ventral separated by the sulcus limitans
what is the orientation of dorsal and motor peripheral neurons in the brainstem? - CORRECT
ANSWER - sensory neurons located laterally, motor neurons located medially
from which primary germ layer does the nervous system arise? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ectoderm
from which primary germ layer does the somatic structures of the body arise? - CORRECT
ANSWER - mesoderm
what are the three types of somites and what are their associated adult structures? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dermatome- skin, myotome- muscles, scleratone- skeleton
how does the sensory component of the peripheral nervous system develop? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the neural crest cells in the dorsal root ganglion extend a central process to the
dorsal neural tube (which will form the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord) and a peripheral process
to the dermatome portion of the somite (becomes skin).
how does the motor component of the peripheral nervous system develop? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the nuclei in the ventral neural tube extends a peripheral process to the myotome
potion of the somite (becomes muscle).
what is a dermatome? - CORRECT ANSWER - a specific area of skin supplied by a single
pair of spinal nerves
, what is a myotome? - CORRECT ANSWER - a muscle innervated by a single spinal cord
segment
why is it rare that a muscle is innervated by a single pair of spinal nerves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - because of the arrangement of the motor nerve nucleus longitudinally down the
ventral grey matter which causes them to extend their axons via multiple ventral
what would a sensory change in dermatome distribution or a motor change in myotome
distribution indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - a spinal cord/spinal nerve lesion
what would a sensory/motor change in a peripheral nerve distribution indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - peripheral nerve lesion
what area does the C2 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - from the
hairline back
what area does the C3 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - neck and
supraclavicular region
what area does the C4 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - over ACJ
what area does the C5 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral arm
what area does the C6 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - thumb
what area does the C7 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2nd and 3rd
finger pad
what area does the C8 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5th finger
pad
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what structure exists at day 10 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Bilaminar disc
what structure exists at day 14 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Trilaminar disc with
three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
what occurs at day 18 of fertilisation? - CORRECT ANSWER - folding of the germ layers
how does the neural tube and associated structures (i.e. neural crest cells and somites) form from
the trilaminar disc? - CORRECT ANSWER - the ectodermal layer folds in on itself until the
walls connect forming the neural tube. Any other crests of ectoderm remaining become the
neural crest cells. Mesoderm develops into somite blocks on either side of the tube.
what stimulates the folding of the ectoderm into the neural tube? - CORRECT ANSWER - the
notochord (part of the mesoderm)
what is neuralation? - CORRECT ANSWER - the development of the nervous system from
the neural tube
what are the three primary vesicles of the neural tube? At what approximate time of development
do they form? - CORRECT ANSWER - prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon.
Form at approximately 3 weeks
what are the 5 secondary vesicles and at what approximate time of development do they form? -
CORRECT ANSWER - telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon,
myelencephalon. 5 weeks.
,what are the adult structure associated with the 5 secondary vesicles? - CORRECT
ANSWER - telencephalon: cerebrum, diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus,
mesencephalon: midbrain, metencephalon: pons and cerebrum, myelencephalon: medulla
oblongata
what are the two alar plates of the embryonic spinal cord and what are they separated by? -
CORRECT ANSWER - dorsal and ventral separated by the sulcus limitans
what is the orientation of dorsal and motor peripheral neurons in the brainstem? - CORRECT
ANSWER - sensory neurons located laterally, motor neurons located medially
from which primary germ layer does the nervous system arise? - CORRECT ANSWER -
ectoderm
from which primary germ layer does the somatic structures of the body arise? - CORRECT
ANSWER - mesoderm
what are the three types of somites and what are their associated adult structures? - CORRECT
ANSWER - dermatome- skin, myotome- muscles, scleratone- skeleton
how does the sensory component of the peripheral nervous system develop? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the neural crest cells in the dorsal root ganglion extend a central process to the
dorsal neural tube (which will form the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord) and a peripheral process
to the dermatome portion of the somite (becomes skin).
how does the motor component of the peripheral nervous system develop? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the nuclei in the ventral neural tube extends a peripheral process to the myotome
potion of the somite (becomes muscle).
what is a dermatome? - CORRECT ANSWER - a specific area of skin supplied by a single
pair of spinal nerves
, what is a myotome? - CORRECT ANSWER - a muscle innervated by a single spinal cord
segment
why is it rare that a muscle is innervated by a single pair of spinal nerves? - CORRECT
ANSWER - because of the arrangement of the motor nerve nucleus longitudinally down the
ventral grey matter which causes them to extend their axons via multiple ventral
what would a sensory change in dermatome distribution or a motor change in myotome
distribution indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER - a spinal cord/spinal nerve lesion
what would a sensory/motor change in a peripheral nerve distribution indicate? - CORRECT
ANSWER - peripheral nerve lesion
what area does the C2 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - from the
hairline back
what area does the C3 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - neck and
supraclavicular region
what area does the C4 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - over ACJ
what area does the C5 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral arm
what area does the C6 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - thumb
what area does the C7 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2nd and 3rd
finger pad
what area does the C8 dermatome supply sensation to? - CORRECT ANSWER - 5th finger
pad
