NCMA 219 UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
genetics - CORRECT ANSWER --study of the way such disorders occur
cytogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER --study of chromosomes by light microscopy and the
method by which chromosomal aberrations are identified
-used slide to visualize the chromosomes
genes - CORRECT ANSWER --basic unit of heredity
-made up of DNA
-DNA= the are interwined with one another to be able to create chromosomes
-DNA= basis of heredity
-RNA= synthesizes protein for cellular growth, supports DNA growth and heredity
Human composed of 46 CHROMOSOMES - CORRECT ANSWER --22 pairs of
autosomes (homolous autosomes) had same shape/pattern
-1 pair of sex chromosome (No. 23)
Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -is the process by which genetic information is passed
on from parent to child
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER --the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
-is the set of observable physical traits
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER --an organisms genetic information
-a person's actual gene composition
-
,autosomal dominant inheritance/disorders - CORRECT ANSWER -one parent- one of the
parents of a child with the disorder also will have the disorder
sex- the sex of an individual is unimportant in terms of inheritance
history- there is usually a history of the disorder in other family members
autosomal recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -both parent- both parents of a
child with the disorder are clinically free of the disorder
sex- the sex of the individual is not important in terms of inheritance
history- the family history for the disorder is negative- that is no one can identify anyone else
who had it (a horizontal transmission pattern)
ancestor- a known common ancestor between the parents sometimes exists. this explains how
both male and came to possess a like gene disorder
x-linked dominant inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -dominant gene- all individuals
with the gene are affected
affected- all female children of affected men are affected; all male children of affected men are
unaffected
generation- it appears in every generation
homozygous/heterozygous- all children of homozygous affected women are affected. 50% of the
children of heterozygous affected women are affected
x-linked recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -males- only males in the family
will have the disorder
history of death- a history of girls dying at birth for unknown reason often exists (female who
had the affected gene on both X chromosomes)
unaffected- sons of affected man are unaffected
parents- the parents of the affected children do not have the disorder
risk factors for high risk pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER --existing health conditions-
STD
,-malnourishment
-low socio-economic status
-multiple births/gestation
-maternal age - above 35 years old or below 18 years old - preterm, multiple gestation,
chromosomal abnormalities, bleeding in the first trimester
types of spontaneous abortion - CORRECT ANSWER -1. threatened
2. inevitable
3. complete
4. incomplete
5. missed
6. habitual/ 3 or more consecutive abortion
7. septic
threatened abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --slight bleeding
-abdomical cramps; may or may not be present USUALLY NO PAIN
-cervical dilation; none
-tissue passage; none
-fever; no
-activity; monitor POC, avoid sexual contact, monitor bleeding
-medications; tocolytic (ritodrine, isoxsuprine, terbutaline)
inevitable abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --moderate bleeding
-moderate abdominal cramps
-cervical dilation; open
-tissue passage; none
-fever; no
-activity; check fundus for firmness
, -fluid replacement; IVF (LR/PNSS)
-medications; oxytoxin (>12)
-procedure/surgery; vacuum aspiration (<12) completion curretage
-bloodtest; bld typing/ crossmatching
complete - CORRECT ANSWER --bleeding; small to negative
-abdomical cramps; moderate
-CD; close or partially open
-TP; complete placenta with fetus
-fever;no
incomplete - CORRECT ANSWER --severe bleeds to the most
-AC; severe
-CD; open with tissue in cervix
-TP; fetal or incomplete placental tissue
-fever no
-fluid replacement; IVF (LR/PNSS)
-medications; oxytocin (>12) antibiotics (ampicilin, metronidazole) analgesics
-P/S; vacuum aspiration (12<) completion curretage
-blood t; bld typng/crossmatching
missed abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --bleeding; none to severe
-AC; none, no FHT
-CD; none
-medications; oxytocin (>12) prostaglandin
-P/S; if no spontaneous expulsion (4 weeks), dilation & evacuation
CORRECT Answers
genetics - CORRECT ANSWER --study of the way such disorders occur
cytogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER --study of chromosomes by light microscopy and the
method by which chromosomal aberrations are identified
-used slide to visualize the chromosomes
genes - CORRECT ANSWER --basic unit of heredity
-made up of DNA
-DNA= the are interwined with one another to be able to create chromosomes
-DNA= basis of heredity
-RNA= synthesizes protein for cellular growth, supports DNA growth and heredity
Human composed of 46 CHROMOSOMES - CORRECT ANSWER --22 pairs of
autosomes (homolous autosomes) had same shape/pattern
-1 pair of sex chromosome (No. 23)
Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -is the process by which genetic information is passed
on from parent to child
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER --the set of observable characteristics of an individual
resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
-is the set of observable physical traits
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER --an organisms genetic information
-a person's actual gene composition
-
,autosomal dominant inheritance/disorders - CORRECT ANSWER -one parent- one of the
parents of a child with the disorder also will have the disorder
sex- the sex of an individual is unimportant in terms of inheritance
history- there is usually a history of the disorder in other family members
autosomal recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -both parent- both parents of a
child with the disorder are clinically free of the disorder
sex- the sex of the individual is not important in terms of inheritance
history- the family history for the disorder is negative- that is no one can identify anyone else
who had it (a horizontal transmission pattern)
ancestor- a known common ancestor between the parents sometimes exists. this explains how
both male and came to possess a like gene disorder
x-linked dominant inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -dominant gene- all individuals
with the gene are affected
affected- all female children of affected men are affected; all male children of affected men are
unaffected
generation- it appears in every generation
homozygous/heterozygous- all children of homozygous affected women are affected. 50% of the
children of heterozygous affected women are affected
x-linked recessive inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -males- only males in the family
will have the disorder
history of death- a history of girls dying at birth for unknown reason often exists (female who
had the affected gene on both X chromosomes)
unaffected- sons of affected man are unaffected
parents- the parents of the affected children do not have the disorder
risk factors for high risk pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER --existing health conditions-
STD
,-malnourishment
-low socio-economic status
-multiple births/gestation
-maternal age - above 35 years old or below 18 years old - preterm, multiple gestation,
chromosomal abnormalities, bleeding in the first trimester
types of spontaneous abortion - CORRECT ANSWER -1. threatened
2. inevitable
3. complete
4. incomplete
5. missed
6. habitual/ 3 or more consecutive abortion
7. septic
threatened abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --slight bleeding
-abdomical cramps; may or may not be present USUALLY NO PAIN
-cervical dilation; none
-tissue passage; none
-fever; no
-activity; monitor POC, avoid sexual contact, monitor bleeding
-medications; tocolytic (ritodrine, isoxsuprine, terbutaline)
inevitable abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --moderate bleeding
-moderate abdominal cramps
-cervical dilation; open
-tissue passage; none
-fever; no
-activity; check fundus for firmness
, -fluid replacement; IVF (LR/PNSS)
-medications; oxytoxin (>12)
-procedure/surgery; vacuum aspiration (<12) completion curretage
-bloodtest; bld typing/ crossmatching
complete - CORRECT ANSWER --bleeding; small to negative
-abdomical cramps; moderate
-CD; close or partially open
-TP; complete placenta with fetus
-fever;no
incomplete - CORRECT ANSWER --severe bleeds to the most
-AC; severe
-CD; open with tissue in cervix
-TP; fetal or incomplete placental tissue
-fever no
-fluid replacement; IVF (LR/PNSS)
-medications; oxytocin (>12) antibiotics (ampicilin, metronidazole) analgesics
-P/S; vacuum aspiration (12<) completion curretage
-blood t; bld typng/crossmatching
missed abortion - CORRECT ANSWER --bleeding; none to severe
-AC; none, no FHT
-CD; none
-medications; oxytocin (>12) prostaglandin
-P/S; if no spontaneous expulsion (4 weeks), dilation & evacuation
