“Anatomy & Physiology Mastery Test
Bank | Complete Q&A Collection for
Nursing, Medical & Allied Health
Students”
Nursing Tutor 2
, 1 Organisation of the 1
Body........................................................................
2 Cells and Tissues 7
.....................................................................................
2.1 Cells and Tissues 7
...........................................................................
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) 27
...................................
3 Measurement, Errors and Data 35
.............................................................
4 Chemistry for Physiology 43
.......................................................................
4.1 Atoms and Molecules 43
....................................................................
4.2 Solutions 52
........................................................................................
4.3 Diffusion and 61
Osmosis...................................................................
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and 69
Osmoles.........................................................
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers 79
...............................................................
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules 93
......................................
5 105
Integument.....................................................................
..........................
6 Homeostasis 119
.............................................................................................
7 Skeleton and Joints 125
.................................................................................
8 143
Muscles............................................................................
.........................
9 Gastro-Intestinal System 161
........................................................................
Nursing Tutor 2
, 10 Endocrine 191
System....................................................................................
11 Renal System 211
...........................................................................................
12 Cardiovascular System 237
...........................................................................
12.1 237
Blood................................................................................
..............
12.2 Heart 250
..............................................................................................
12.3 Blood 262
Vessels.................................................................................
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure 274
.................................................
ix
Nursing Tutor 2
,x Contents
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System .... 286
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control ............................... 297
13 Respiratory System .......................................... 315
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ......................................... 315
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .......... 335
14 Nervous System ................................................ 347
14.1 Cells and Action Potential ....................................... 347
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy ............................ 360
14.3 Autonomic System, Neurotransmitters, Reflexes .. 377
14.4 Special Senses (Eye & Ear) ..................................... 389
14.4.1 Eye ............................................................... 389
14.4.2 Ear ................................................................. 397
15 Reproductive System ........................................ 405
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves, Ultrasound
(The Physics Of) ................................................ 419
16.1 Waves ....................................................................... 419
16.2 Light Waves ............................................................ 424
16.3 Sound ...................................................................... 429
16.4 Ultrasound ...............................................................432
17 Ionising Radiation ............................................ 437
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ......................... 437
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine,
Radiation Safety ......................................................445
18 Electricity ......................................................... 465
19 Biomechanics ................................................... 475
20 Energy and Heat ............................................... 493
Nursing Tutor 2
,Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the following correctly describes the two named body
parts?
A. the elbow is proximal to the shoulder
B. the phalanges are distal to the carpals
C. the ribs are proximal to the sternum
D. the elbow is distal to the knee
Answer is B: phalanges (finger bones) are indeed further
from the trunk along the arm, than are the carpals (wrist
bones)
2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. the diaphragm separates the brain and spinal cord
B. the ventral cavity contains the male and female
reproductive system
C. the abdomino-pelvic cavity contains the spinal cord.
D. the dorsal cavity contains the brain and spinal cord
Answer is D: dorsal means back and that is the cavity with
spinal cord and brain. B is incorrect as the genitalia are
outside the ventral cavity.
3. Complete the sentence correctly: “Cervical vertebrae are……
A. superior to the rib cage.
B. inferior to the thoracic vertebrae.
C. located between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae.
D. fused into a single bone called the sacrum.
Answer is A: cervix refers to “neck”. The cervical vertebrae
are in the neck hence are above (superior) to the rib cage.
4. The dorsal body cavity contains which of the following organs?
A. The brain.
B. The brain and spinal cord.
Nursing Tutor 2
,1 Organisation of the Body 5
C. The brain, spinal cord and heart.
D. The brain, spinal cord, heart and kidneys.
Answer is B: Dorsal refers to the back and is opposite to
ventral. Only the brain and spinal cord occupy the dorsal
cavity. All other answers are incorrect.
5. What does the process known as anabolism refer to?
A. the use of energy for producing chemical substances.
B. the breaking down phase of metabolism.
C. all the chemical process that take place in the organelles of
the cells.
D. the supply of nutrients to the body’s cells.
Answer is A: anabolism refers to the process of
constructing/building mole- cules (think anabolic
steroids). B refers to catabolism. C refers to metabolism.
6. To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?
A. A condition of having too few chondria.
B. The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs.
C. A person who often complains of an ailment.
D. Having insufficient cartilage in the knees.
Answer is B: In this case “hypo-” means below, while “-
chondr” refers to the cartilage joining the ribs to the
sternum (the costal cartilages). The regions of the
abdomen immediately inferior to these rib cartilages (on
the left and right sides of the body) is what is being
referred to
7. If a medical image displays internal anatomy in mid-
sagittal section, which of the following describes the
section?
A. A vertical section through the nose and umbilicus that
divides the body into right and left halves.
B. A cross-section through the midriff at about the level of the
liver.
C. A cross-section through the upper chest at about the level of
the shoulders.
D. A vertical section through the midpoint of the clavicle
and through either the right or left thigh.
Nursing Tutor 2
, Answer is A: A Sagittal section divides the body into left
and right portions. A mid sagittal section means that the
dividing line is in the vertical mid line of the body so that
the halves are equal.
8. Which of the following best describes the “anatomical
position”?
A. Standing vertically, arms held horizontally, legs apart so
that the tips of the head, hands and feet lie on an
imaginary circle, drawn around the body.
B. Standing “to attention”, with hands held so that thumbs
are ventral while the fifth digit is dorsal.
Nursing Tutor 2
, 6 1 Organisation of the
Body
C. Standing “at ease” with hands clasped behind your back
while adjacent and dorsal to the sacrum.
D. Standing vertically, arms parallel and lateral to the ribs
with hands inferior to the elbows and supinated.
Answer is D: The anatomical position is achieved when
standing with feet comfortably apart while displaying the
ventral surface of the head, body and forearms to the same
direction (forwards).
9. Which term describes the location of the adrenal glands
with reference to the kidneys?
A. proximal
B. distal
C. superior
D. inferior
Answer is C: The adrenal glands are on the cephalic side of
the kidneys. Being closer to the head, they are termed
“superior to the kidneys”.
10. Which of the following terms is NOT used to identify a
region of the abdomen?
A. left hypochondriac
B. hypogastric
C. epigastric
D. right sacral
Answer is D: Right sacral is not a region on the anterior
surface of the abdomen.
11. What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity?
A. The mediastinum
B. The diaphragm
C. The peritoneum
D. The pylorus
Answer is B: The muscular diaphragm physically separates
these two ventral cavities.
Nursing Tutor 2
Bank | Complete Q&A Collection for
Nursing, Medical & Allied Health
Students”
Nursing Tutor 2
, 1 Organisation of the 1
Body........................................................................
2 Cells and Tissues 7
.....................................................................................
2.1 Cells and Tissues 7
...........................................................................
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) 27
...................................
3 Measurement, Errors and Data 35
.............................................................
4 Chemistry for Physiology 43
.......................................................................
4.1 Atoms and Molecules 43
....................................................................
4.2 Solutions 52
........................................................................................
4.3 Diffusion and 61
Osmosis...................................................................
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and 69
Osmoles.........................................................
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers 79
...............................................................
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules 93
......................................
5 105
Integument.....................................................................
..........................
6 Homeostasis 119
.............................................................................................
7 Skeleton and Joints 125
.................................................................................
8 143
Muscles............................................................................
.........................
9 Gastro-Intestinal System 161
........................................................................
Nursing Tutor 2
, 10 Endocrine 191
System....................................................................................
11 Renal System 211
...........................................................................................
12 Cardiovascular System 237
...........................................................................
12.1 237
Blood................................................................................
..............
12.2 Heart 250
..............................................................................................
12.3 Blood 262
Vessels.................................................................................
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure 274
.................................................
ix
Nursing Tutor 2
,x Contents
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System .... 286
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control ............................... 297
13 Respiratory System .......................................... 315
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology ......................................... 315
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System .......... 335
14 Nervous System ................................................ 347
14.1 Cells and Action Potential ....................................... 347
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy ............................ 360
14.3 Autonomic System, Neurotransmitters, Reflexes .. 377
14.4 Special Senses (Eye & Ear) ..................................... 389
14.4.1 Eye ............................................................... 389
14.4.2 Ear ................................................................. 397
15 Reproductive System ........................................ 405
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves, Ultrasound
(The Physics Of) ................................................ 419
16.1 Waves ....................................................................... 419
16.2 Light Waves ............................................................ 424
16.3 Sound ...................................................................... 429
16.4 Ultrasound ...............................................................432
17 Ionising Radiation ............................................ 437
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation ......................... 437
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine,
Radiation Safety ......................................................445
18 Electricity ......................................................... 465
19 Biomechanics ................................................... 475
20 Energy and Heat ............................................... 493
Nursing Tutor 2
,Chapter 1
Organisation of the Body
1. Which of the following correctly describes the two named body
parts?
A. the elbow is proximal to the shoulder
B. the phalanges are distal to the carpals
C. the ribs are proximal to the sternum
D. the elbow is distal to the knee
Answer is B: phalanges (finger bones) are indeed further
from the trunk along the arm, than are the carpals (wrist
bones)
2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. the diaphragm separates the brain and spinal cord
B. the ventral cavity contains the male and female
reproductive system
C. the abdomino-pelvic cavity contains the spinal cord.
D. the dorsal cavity contains the brain and spinal cord
Answer is D: dorsal means back and that is the cavity with
spinal cord and brain. B is incorrect as the genitalia are
outside the ventral cavity.
3. Complete the sentence correctly: “Cervical vertebrae are……
A. superior to the rib cage.
B. inferior to the thoracic vertebrae.
C. located between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae.
D. fused into a single bone called the sacrum.
Answer is A: cervix refers to “neck”. The cervical vertebrae
are in the neck hence are above (superior) to the rib cage.
4. The dorsal body cavity contains which of the following organs?
A. The brain.
B. The brain and spinal cord.
Nursing Tutor 2
,1 Organisation of the Body 5
C. The brain, spinal cord and heart.
D. The brain, spinal cord, heart and kidneys.
Answer is B: Dorsal refers to the back and is opposite to
ventral. Only the brain and spinal cord occupy the dorsal
cavity. All other answers are incorrect.
5. What does the process known as anabolism refer to?
A. the use of energy for producing chemical substances.
B. the breaking down phase of metabolism.
C. all the chemical process that take place in the organelles of
the cells.
D. the supply of nutrients to the body’s cells.
Answer is A: anabolism refers to the process of
constructing/building mole- cules (think anabolic
steroids). B refers to catabolism. C refers to metabolism.
6. To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?
A. A condition of having too few chondria.
B. The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs.
C. A person who often complains of an ailment.
D. Having insufficient cartilage in the knees.
Answer is B: In this case “hypo-” means below, while “-
chondr” refers to the cartilage joining the ribs to the
sternum (the costal cartilages). The regions of the
abdomen immediately inferior to these rib cartilages (on
the left and right sides of the body) is what is being
referred to
7. If a medical image displays internal anatomy in mid-
sagittal section, which of the following describes the
section?
A. A vertical section through the nose and umbilicus that
divides the body into right and left halves.
B. A cross-section through the midriff at about the level of the
liver.
C. A cross-section through the upper chest at about the level of
the shoulders.
D. A vertical section through the midpoint of the clavicle
and through either the right or left thigh.
Nursing Tutor 2
, Answer is A: A Sagittal section divides the body into left
and right portions. A mid sagittal section means that the
dividing line is in the vertical mid line of the body so that
the halves are equal.
8. Which of the following best describes the “anatomical
position”?
A. Standing vertically, arms held horizontally, legs apart so
that the tips of the head, hands and feet lie on an
imaginary circle, drawn around the body.
B. Standing “to attention”, with hands held so that thumbs
are ventral while the fifth digit is dorsal.
Nursing Tutor 2
, 6 1 Organisation of the
Body
C. Standing “at ease” with hands clasped behind your back
while adjacent and dorsal to the sacrum.
D. Standing vertically, arms parallel and lateral to the ribs
with hands inferior to the elbows and supinated.
Answer is D: The anatomical position is achieved when
standing with feet comfortably apart while displaying the
ventral surface of the head, body and forearms to the same
direction (forwards).
9. Which term describes the location of the adrenal glands
with reference to the kidneys?
A. proximal
B. distal
C. superior
D. inferior
Answer is C: The adrenal glands are on the cephalic side of
the kidneys. Being closer to the head, they are termed
“superior to the kidneys”.
10. Which of the following terms is NOT used to identify a
region of the abdomen?
A. left hypochondriac
B. hypogastric
C. epigastric
D. right sacral
Answer is D: Right sacral is not a region on the anterior
surface of the abdomen.
11. What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominal cavity?
A. The mediastinum
B. The diaphragm
C. The peritoneum
D. The pylorus
Answer is B: The muscular diaphragm physically separates
these two ventral cavities.
Nursing Tutor 2
