ACOLS FINAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
What is the pathway of the vascular system? - Answer -L ventricle, Aorta, Arteries,
Arterioles, Precapillary arterioles, blood capillaries, post capillary venule, venules, veins,
R atrium, R ventricle, lungs, L atrium
Is the lymphatic system a closed system? - Answer -No
Edema vs. Lymphedema - Answer -Edema:
-accumulation of water in the tissues.
-symptom
-dynamic insufficiency
Lymphedema:
-abnormal accumulation of water and protein.
-disease
-mechanical insufficiency
What can cause edema? - Answer -renal failure, kidney disease, heart conditions,
pregnancy, venous insufficiencies
Most common cause of lymphedema in the US and worldwide? - Answer --US:
ALND/excision and radiation with breast cancer
-Worldwide: filariasis
What is lymphatic load made up of? - Answer -Water, proteins, cells, LCFA (Fat)
How much water is returned to venous system by thoracic duct in 24 hours? - Answer -
2-4 liters
What is the route fat takes to be returned to venous system? - Answer -Small intestine,
GI trunk, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, left venous angle
What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system? - Answer --Drains the muscles and
tendons.
-Drains the joints.
-Drains the inner organs.
(Everything, but skin)
-fascia holds back swelling, painful.
Where are capillaries thicker? - Answer -palms and soles of feet
What is the pressure in the initial lymph capillaries compared to the surrounding tissue?
- Answer -lower to create suction effect
, What do lymphatic collectors resemble? - Answer -pearl necklace; transport lymph to
regional lymph nodes and trunks
What innervates the smooth muscle? - Answer -sympathetic portion of ANS
Functions of lymph nodes: - Answer --protect/filter
-immune (lymphocytes)
-thicken lymph fluid
What are the borders of the medial femoral triangle and what is located here? - Answer
--superior: inguinal ligament
-medial: gracilis
-lateral: sartorius
-inguinal lymph nodes located here.
What does the inguinal lymph nodes drain? - Answer -Legs, lower quadrants, external
genitalia
What is the pathway of fluid coming from the inguinal lymph nodes? - Answer -Pelvic
lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, lumbar trunks, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, left
venous angle
What are the watersheds of the lymphatic system? - Answer --upper horizontal: across
sternal notch/clavicles
-sagittal/median
-lower horizontal/transverse: starts at umbilicus (V in the front, ^ in the back
-gluteal
Anastomoses - Answer --AAA
-AII: mons pubis, just above hairline
-PAA
-PII
-AI or IA: only on the front
What forms the cisterna chyli? - Answer --Lumbar trunks (les, lower quadrants, external
genitalia)
-GI trunk (stomach and digestive system)
How much fluid is returned via the right venous angle in 24 hours? - Answer -300 ml
What are the borders for the deep cervical lymph nodes and what chain of nodes is
associated with them? - Answer --anterior/jugular chain: SCM
-posterior/accessory chain: upper trap
-inferior/supraclavicular chain: clavicle
What is the pathway of the vascular system? - Answer -L ventricle, Aorta, Arteries,
Arterioles, Precapillary arterioles, blood capillaries, post capillary venule, venules, veins,
R atrium, R ventricle, lungs, L atrium
Is the lymphatic system a closed system? - Answer -No
Edema vs. Lymphedema - Answer -Edema:
-accumulation of water in the tissues.
-symptom
-dynamic insufficiency
Lymphedema:
-abnormal accumulation of water and protein.
-disease
-mechanical insufficiency
What can cause edema? - Answer -renal failure, kidney disease, heart conditions,
pregnancy, venous insufficiencies
Most common cause of lymphedema in the US and worldwide? - Answer --US:
ALND/excision and radiation with breast cancer
-Worldwide: filariasis
What is lymphatic load made up of? - Answer -Water, proteins, cells, LCFA (Fat)
How much water is returned to venous system by thoracic duct in 24 hours? - Answer -
2-4 liters
What is the route fat takes to be returned to venous system? - Answer -Small intestine,
GI trunk, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, left venous angle
What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system? - Answer --Drains the muscles and
tendons.
-Drains the joints.
-Drains the inner organs.
(Everything, but skin)
-fascia holds back swelling, painful.
Where are capillaries thicker? - Answer -palms and soles of feet
What is the pressure in the initial lymph capillaries compared to the surrounding tissue?
- Answer -lower to create suction effect
, What do lymphatic collectors resemble? - Answer -pearl necklace; transport lymph to
regional lymph nodes and trunks
What innervates the smooth muscle? - Answer -sympathetic portion of ANS
Functions of lymph nodes: - Answer --protect/filter
-immune (lymphocytes)
-thicken lymph fluid
What are the borders of the medial femoral triangle and what is located here? - Answer
--superior: inguinal ligament
-medial: gracilis
-lateral: sartorius
-inguinal lymph nodes located here.
What does the inguinal lymph nodes drain? - Answer -Legs, lower quadrants, external
genitalia
What is the pathway of fluid coming from the inguinal lymph nodes? - Answer -Pelvic
lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes, lumbar trunks, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, left
venous angle
What are the watersheds of the lymphatic system? - Answer --upper horizontal: across
sternal notch/clavicles
-sagittal/median
-lower horizontal/transverse: starts at umbilicus (V in the front, ^ in the back
-gluteal
Anastomoses - Answer --AAA
-AII: mons pubis, just above hairline
-PAA
-PII
-AI or IA: only on the front
What forms the cisterna chyli? - Answer --Lumbar trunks (les, lower quadrants, external
genitalia)
-GI trunk (stomach and digestive system)
How much fluid is returned via the right venous angle in 24 hours? - Answer -300 ml
What are the borders for the deep cervical lymph nodes and what chain of nodes is
associated with them? - Answer --anterior/jugular chain: SCM
-posterior/accessory chain: upper trap
-inferior/supraclavicular chain: clavicle
