Comparative Analysis of Myopathies and Related Disorders
Exam With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
Polymyositis - Progressive proximal muscle weakness and/or pain.
Dermatomyositis - Polymyositis with additional cutaneous involvement.
Heliotrope rash - Violaceous periorbital rash associated with dermatomyositis.
Shawl sign - Rash on shoulders, upper chest, and back.
Gottron papules - Papular rash with scales on hands' bony prominences.
Endomysial inflammatory infiltrate - Inflammation surrounding muscle fibers in biopsy.
Perifascicular inflammatory infiltrates - Inflammation at muscle fiber fascicles in biopsy.
NSAIDs - Initial therapy for pain management in myopathies.
IL-17 inhibitors - Used in refractory cases of myositis.
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies - Serum marker for polymyositis/dermatomyositis diagnosis.
Serum creatine kinase - Best initial test for muscle inflammation.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) - 10% of polymyositis/dermatomyositis cases associated.
Dysphagia - Esophageal involvement symptom in advanced disease.
Myocarditis - Cardiac involvement presenting in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.
Malignancy association - Dermatomyositis linked to lung, breast, ovarian cancers.
Age group affected - Patients typically aged 50 to 70 years.
Male-to-female ratio - 1:2 ratio in affected individuals.
Race prevalence - Higher incidence in Black individuals than White.
Autoimmune disease - Both conditions are immune-mediated myopathies.
Progressive muscle weakness - Common symptom in both polymyositis and
dermatomyositis.
, Clinical presentation - Diagnosis based on symptoms and lab values.
Best initial test - Serum creatine kinase and anti-Jo-1 antibodies.
Muscle Biopsy - Most accurate test for myopathy differentiation.
Polymyositis - Inflammatory myopathy with muscle weakness.
Dermatomyositis - Myopathy with skin involvement and rash.
Corticosteroids - Initial treatment for inflammatory myopathies.
Azathioprine - Used in steroid-resistant myopathy cases.
Methotrexate - Alternative for corticosteroid-intolerant patients.
TMJ Disorders - Conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint.
Bruxism - Teeth grinding contributing to TMJ disorders.
Unilateral Headache - Common symptom in TMJ disorder patients.
Facial Pain - Worsens with jaw motion in TMJ disorders.
Tinnitus - Ringing in the ears associated with TMJ.
Aldolase - Muscle enzyme elevated in myopathy evaluation.
Creatine Kinase (CK) - Checked for myopathy if AST elevated.
CREST Syndrome - Limited scleroderma features: Calcinosis, Raynaud's.
Sclerodactyly - Skin thickening of fingers in scleroderma.
Telangiectasias - Small dilated blood vessels in skin.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome - Regional pain disorder with trigger points.
Trigger Points - Indurated areas causing referred pain.
Fibromyalgia - Widespread pain without trigger points.
Systemic Sclerosis - Chronic inflammation leading to tissue fibrosis.
Diffuse Scleroderma - Involves skin and multiple organ systems.
Exam With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
Polymyositis - Progressive proximal muscle weakness and/or pain.
Dermatomyositis - Polymyositis with additional cutaneous involvement.
Heliotrope rash - Violaceous periorbital rash associated with dermatomyositis.
Shawl sign - Rash on shoulders, upper chest, and back.
Gottron papules - Papular rash with scales on hands' bony prominences.
Endomysial inflammatory infiltrate - Inflammation surrounding muscle fibers in biopsy.
Perifascicular inflammatory infiltrates - Inflammation at muscle fiber fascicles in biopsy.
NSAIDs - Initial therapy for pain management in myopathies.
IL-17 inhibitors - Used in refractory cases of myositis.
Anti-Jo-1 antibodies - Serum marker for polymyositis/dermatomyositis diagnosis.
Serum creatine kinase - Best initial test for muscle inflammation.
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) - 10% of polymyositis/dermatomyositis cases associated.
Dysphagia - Esophageal involvement symptom in advanced disease.
Myocarditis - Cardiac involvement presenting in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.
Malignancy association - Dermatomyositis linked to lung, breast, ovarian cancers.
Age group affected - Patients typically aged 50 to 70 years.
Male-to-female ratio - 1:2 ratio in affected individuals.
Race prevalence - Higher incidence in Black individuals than White.
Autoimmune disease - Both conditions are immune-mediated myopathies.
Progressive muscle weakness - Common symptom in both polymyositis and
dermatomyositis.
, Clinical presentation - Diagnosis based on symptoms and lab values.
Best initial test - Serum creatine kinase and anti-Jo-1 antibodies.
Muscle Biopsy - Most accurate test for myopathy differentiation.
Polymyositis - Inflammatory myopathy with muscle weakness.
Dermatomyositis - Myopathy with skin involvement and rash.
Corticosteroids - Initial treatment for inflammatory myopathies.
Azathioprine - Used in steroid-resistant myopathy cases.
Methotrexate - Alternative for corticosteroid-intolerant patients.
TMJ Disorders - Conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint.
Bruxism - Teeth grinding contributing to TMJ disorders.
Unilateral Headache - Common symptom in TMJ disorder patients.
Facial Pain - Worsens with jaw motion in TMJ disorders.
Tinnitus - Ringing in the ears associated with TMJ.
Aldolase - Muscle enzyme elevated in myopathy evaluation.
Creatine Kinase (CK) - Checked for myopathy if AST elevated.
CREST Syndrome - Limited scleroderma features: Calcinosis, Raynaud's.
Sclerodactyly - Skin thickening of fingers in scleroderma.
Telangiectasias - Small dilated blood vessels in skin.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome - Regional pain disorder with trigger points.
Trigger Points - Indurated areas causing referred pain.
Fibromyalgia - Widespread pain without trigger points.
Systemic Sclerosis - Chronic inflammation leading to tissue fibrosis.
Diffuse Scleroderma - Involves skin and multiple organ systems.
