History of Psychology Exam Study Guide
Questions with Reliable Solutions
Edward Titchener - Answer - considered himself descendent of Wundt (true Wundtian; PhD 1892;
translated Principles)
- established largest doctoral program in US (at time) at Cornell
- first student: Mary Floy Washburn (PhD 1894; 1st US woman)
- The Experimentalists (men only)
- APA not 'scientific' (structuralistic) enough
- The Manuals - overview for how to teach and conduct experiments
1892 - Answer Titchener to Cornell
Structuralism - Answer - 'to describe the structure of the mind in terms of the most primitive elements
of mental experience'
- consciousness: sum total of mental experience at a given moment
- mind: accumulated experience of a lifetime
- primary tasks (what,how,why)
- 1. identify 'elements of the mind' (sensations, images, affectations)
- elements of perception, thought, & emotion
- properties: quality, intensity, duration, clearness, (extensity)
- 2. Synthesis: how do elements combine to form complex perceptions, ideas, and emotions?
- 3. Correspondence to physiology (ultimate explanations)
- explanations of causation between processes only lied in the nervous system
stimulus error - Answer Confusing the mental process under study with the stimulus or object being
observed; book for color/shape
introspection - Answer - '...within the sphere of psychology, introspection is the final and only court of
appeal... psychological evidence cannot be other than introspective evidence.' - Titchener
, - strict guidelines for introspective reporting (intensive training required)
- concerns about 'stimulus error' (imposition of meaning, interpretation)
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answer Student of Cattell, then Titchener; dissertation published by Wundt;
studied animal behavior; first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology; 2nd female president of the APA
(1921); introspection by analogy
The Experimentalists - Answer Titchener was all like, 'APA ain't got science', so he like, 'make my own
gang, more science', made the group for bros only, cuz the presence of a ho draws chivalristic chatter
talk, and he wanted that jive real candid and whatnot, candid like clinton, my man
James Angell - Answer - papa functionalism, attacked structuralism
- studied with James & Dewey
- head of psychology faculty at U of Chicago
- president of APA
- functionalism
(a) studies mental operations, not elements
(b) seeks to identify the fundamental utilities of consciousness, as adaptive
(c) as psychophysical psychology, always physio substrates
- functionalism as organic, open
1896 - Answer Angell's article on reflexes as functional
1894 - Answer Angell in charge of psych faculty U Chicago
1906 - Answer Angell president of APA
Robert Sessions Woodworth - Answer - PhD with Cattell in 1899, worked there rest of life
- didn't consider self functionalist
- Dynamic Psychology - eclectic, middle-of-the-road
Questions with Reliable Solutions
Edward Titchener - Answer - considered himself descendent of Wundt (true Wundtian; PhD 1892;
translated Principles)
- established largest doctoral program in US (at time) at Cornell
- first student: Mary Floy Washburn (PhD 1894; 1st US woman)
- The Experimentalists (men only)
- APA not 'scientific' (structuralistic) enough
- The Manuals - overview for how to teach and conduct experiments
1892 - Answer Titchener to Cornell
Structuralism - Answer - 'to describe the structure of the mind in terms of the most primitive elements
of mental experience'
- consciousness: sum total of mental experience at a given moment
- mind: accumulated experience of a lifetime
- primary tasks (what,how,why)
- 1. identify 'elements of the mind' (sensations, images, affectations)
- elements of perception, thought, & emotion
- properties: quality, intensity, duration, clearness, (extensity)
- 2. Synthesis: how do elements combine to form complex perceptions, ideas, and emotions?
- 3. Correspondence to physiology (ultimate explanations)
- explanations of causation between processes only lied in the nervous system
stimulus error - Answer Confusing the mental process under study with the stimulus or object being
observed; book for color/shape
introspection - Answer - '...within the sphere of psychology, introspection is the final and only court of
appeal... psychological evidence cannot be other than introspective evidence.' - Titchener
, - strict guidelines for introspective reporting (intensive training required)
- concerns about 'stimulus error' (imposition of meaning, interpretation)
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answer Student of Cattell, then Titchener; dissertation published by Wundt;
studied animal behavior; first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology; 2nd female president of the APA
(1921); introspection by analogy
The Experimentalists - Answer Titchener was all like, 'APA ain't got science', so he like, 'make my own
gang, more science', made the group for bros only, cuz the presence of a ho draws chivalristic chatter
talk, and he wanted that jive real candid and whatnot, candid like clinton, my man
James Angell - Answer - papa functionalism, attacked structuralism
- studied with James & Dewey
- head of psychology faculty at U of Chicago
- president of APA
- functionalism
(a) studies mental operations, not elements
(b) seeks to identify the fundamental utilities of consciousness, as adaptive
(c) as psychophysical psychology, always physio substrates
- functionalism as organic, open
1896 - Answer Angell's article on reflexes as functional
1894 - Answer Angell in charge of psych faculty U Chicago
1906 - Answer Angell president of APA
Robert Sessions Woodworth - Answer - PhD with Cattell in 1899, worked there rest of life
- didn't consider self functionalist
- Dynamic Psychology - eclectic, middle-of-the-road
