PATHO 370 FINAL PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

PATHO 370 FINAL PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 An undesired side-effect of medical treatment is aka ___. a) teratogenic b) iatrogenic c) endemic d) idiopathic - Correct Ans-B) iatrogenic Stress can cause all of the following reactions except____ a) stimulating adrenal hormone production b) increasing serum glucose levels c) increasing cardiac output and blood circulation d) decreasing sympathetic reaction - Correct Ans-D) Decreasing sympathetic reaction Corticosteroids are the primary mediators of chronic stress. a) True b) False c) I don't know d) Who cares! - Correct Ans-A) True Statement A: Hydrophic swelling is reversible. Statement B: Hydrophic swelling occurs due to Na+-K+ pump dysfunction. a) Both statements are correct. b) Neither statement is correct. c) Only Statement A is correct. d) Only Statement B is correct. - Correct Ans-a) Both statements are correct. Sensitivity is____ a) the probability that a test will be negative when a person actually does not have a particular condition. b) the probability that a test will be positive when a person truly has a particular condition. c) the ability of the test to repeatedly be correct. d) the degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure. - Correct Ans-b) the probability that a test will be positive when a person truly has a particular condition. Epidemic means_____ a) disease has spread worldwide. PATHO 370 PATHO 370 b) spread to many people at same time. c) disease is native to local region. d) none of the above. - Correct Ans-b) spread to many people at same time. "Allostatic overload" refers to_____ a) Normal feedback mechanisms include unlimited suppression. b) The target "normal" range can be shifted in disease processes. c) inadequate adaptation leading to the inability to maintain homeostasis. d) The "signal" part of the loop is at the end. - Correct Ans-c) inadequate adaptation leading to the inability to maintain homeostasis. Which of the followings is caused by reversible cellular response? (Choose all that apply) a) infarct/necrosis b) apoptosis c) metaplasia d) inflammation e) hyperplasia - Correct Ans-c) metaplasia d) inflammation e) hyperplasia Lactic acidosis usually indicates the presence of _______. a) apoptosis b) radiation injury c) cellular hypoxia d) cellular aging - Correct Ans-c) cellular hypoxia ___________ is considered as preneoplastic tissue reaction. a) Anaplasia b) Dysplasia c) Metaplasia d) Hyperplasia - Correct Ans-b) Dysplasia Which of the following hormone is usually inhibited under stress? a) norepinephrine b) epinephrine c) cortisol d) insulin - Correct Ans-d) insulin Necrosis causes cell membrane rupture with the release of intracellular contents, but apoptosis does not. a) True b) False - Correct Ans-a) True G.P., 66 yo, eats "lots of fat," lives a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened. After medical PATHO 370 PATHO 370 tests and histologic examination, G.P. is diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma, grade 4. The risk factors for the development of lung cancer in G.P. include____ (Choose all that apply) a) high-fat diet. b) urban pollutants. c) stressful lifestyle. d) cigarette smoking. e) her age - Correct Ans-a) high-fat diet. c) stressful lifestyle. d) cigarette smoking. e) her age G.P., 66 yo, eats "lots of fat," lives a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened. After medical tests and histologic examination, G.P. is diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma, grade 4. GP's grade 4 means her cancer cells have the highest malignancy. a) True b) False c) I don't know d) Finally week 3! - Correct Ans-a) True G.P., 66 yo, eats "lots of fat," lives a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened. After medical tests and histologic examination, G.P. is diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma, grade 4. After surgery, G.P. is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will____ a) selectively kill tumor cells. b) stimulate immune cells to fight the cancer. c) have minimal side effects. d) kill rapidly dividing cells. - Correct Ans-d) kill rapidly dividing cells. G.P., 66 yo, eats "lots of fat," lives a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened. After medical tests and histologic examination, G.P. is diagnosed with primary lung carcinoma, grade 4. Side effects of chemotherapy include all the following except _________. a) Anemia b) Bone necrosis. c) Hair loss. d) Mucosa sloughing - Correct Ans-b) Bone necrosis. PATHO 370 PATHO 370 Radiation can cause cellular injury by the mechanism of __________ (choose all that apply) a) ionization to generate free radicals. b) direct breakage of chemical bonds/radiolysis. c) glycolysis. d) heat production. - Correct Ans-a) ionization to generate free radicals. b) direct breakage of chemical bonds/radiolysis. d) heat production. The stage of remission indicates____ a). The stage the patient functions normally even the pathological processes are well established. b). the stage of recovery after a disease, injury or surgical procedure. c). the stage with decreases in disease severity, signs and/or symptoms. d). the stage lasting for months or even years following an acute stage. - Correct Ans-c). the stage with decreases in disease severity, signs and/or symptoms. All of the following situations could be associated with Carcinogenesis except_____ a) the overproduction of proto-oncogene b) the deficiency of p53 c) the mutation of BRCA1 d) immunization to Epstein-Barr virus - Correct Ans-d) immunization to Epstein-Barr virus MATCH 1) Iron deficiency: 2) Folate Acid deficiency: 3) GI Bleeding a. normocytic anemia b. aplastic anemia c. macrocyclic anemia d. microcystic anemia - Correct Ans-1) Iron deficiency: d. microcytic anemia 2) Folate Acid deficiency: c. macrocytic anemia 3) GI Bleeding: a. normocytic anemia Inflammation is nonspecific because the inflammatory reaction is similar regardless of cause. a. True b. False - Correct Ans-a. True The clinical manifestations of inflammation are characterized by (Choose ALL that apply) a. Redness--rubor PATHO 370 PATHO 370 b. Swelling--tumor c. Heat--calor d. Pain—dolor e. Lack of color--palor - Correct Ans-a. Redness--rubor b. Swelling--tumor c. Heat--calor d. Pain—dolor J.B. is a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Clinical manifestations of J.B.'s leukemia prior to treatment would include all of the following EXCEPT a. anemia. b. leukocytosis. c. leukopenia. d. Thrombocytopenia. - Correct Ans-b. leukocytosis While in the hospital for management of ALL, J.B. developed severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition would be: a. anticoagulant therapy. b. chemotherapy. c. activity restriction. d. isolation. - Correct Ans-c. activity restriction. The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called a. bcr-abl. b. Rb. c. p53. d. ARA-c. - Correct Ans-a. bcr-abl. The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (International Normalized Ratio) measure the integrity of a. platelet function. b. extrinsic and common pathway. c. intrinsic pathway. d. common pathway only. - Correct Ans-b. extrinsic and common pathway. Statement A: The final step in clot formation is the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Statement B: The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in platelet aggregation. a. Both statements are correct. b. Neither of the statements is correct. c. Only Statement A is correct. d. Only Statement B is correct. - Correct Ans-b. Neither of the statements is correct. Activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway is initiated by PATHO 370 PATHO 370 a. platelet factors. b. collagen exposure. c. tissue thromboplastin. d. factor VIII. - Correct Ans-c. tissue thromboplastin. von Willebrand's Disease (vWD. a. is a defect in factor IX b. manifests as heavy GI bleeding c. affects males and females equally d. is X-linked recessive - Correct Ans-c. affects males and females equally Treatment for aplastic anemia is a. iron therapy b. folic acid supplements c. chemotherapy d. radiation therapy e. bone marrow transplantation - Correct Ans-e. bone marrow transplantation The measurement of the size of the cell is the a. MCV b. TIBC c. Ferretin d. Hb e. Hct - Correct Ans-a. MCV Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): a. is common in adults over age 50 b. only responds to radiation c. has typically very high platelets d. causes severe bleeding e. none of the above - Correct Ans-d. causes severe bleeding The most common form of leukemia in adults is: a. ALL b. AML c. CLL d. CML - Correct Ans-c. CLL Liver-associated bleeding issue is due to the deficiency of _____: a. Vit A b. Vit B12 c. Vit D d. Vit K e. folic acid - Correct Ans-d. Vit K PATHO 370 PATHO 370 A 43 year-old Gravida 5, Para 4, status-post cesarian section x 2 (with her last two births) presents to your Emergency Room in full contractions. Her BP is 140/85, pulse is 100, her platelet count is 25,000 (normal is 150-450,000) and she suddenly starts bleeding profusely from her vagina. What is (are) the possible contributing factor(s) to her bleeding? a. her blood pressure b. her pulse c. her age d. platelet count e. C and D - Correct Ans-e. C and D Anti-histamines inhibit a. basophils b. T cells c. B cells d. mast cells e. A and D - Correct Ans-e. A and D All forms of shock are associated with hypoperfusion. a) True b) False - Correct Ans-a) True Mr. Jones, a 76 year old Caucasian male, has been admitted to the hospital for 3 days due to pneumonia. Lab culture result shows Gram(-) Klebsiella pneumoniae (+++) . Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Coronary Heart Disease 10 years ago. He had complained about his chest pain and multiple "cold/flu" episodes in the last 6 months. Before the doctor starts the new antibiotics Ceftazidime/avibactam, Mr. Jones suddenly develops fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. Mr. Jones is very likely experiencing _________ shock. a. cardiogenic b. septic c. neurogenic d. hemorrhagic - Correct Ans-b. septic Mr. Jones, a 76 year old Caucasian male, has been admitted to the hospital for 3 days due to pneumonia. Lab culture result shows Gram(-) Klebsiella pneumoniae (+++) . Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Coronary Heart Disease 10 years ago. He had complained about his chest PATHO 370 PATHO 370 pain and multiple "cold/flu" episodes in the last 6 months. Before the doctor starts the new antibiotics Ceftazidime/avibactam, Mr. Jones suddenly develops fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. The nature of Mr. Jones' shock is primarily due to a. the reduction of blood oxygen content b. the decrease of the blood volume c. the excessive vasodilation led to peripheral pooling of blood d. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) - Correct Ans-c. the excessive vasodilation led to peripheral pooling of blood Mr. Jones, a 76 year old Caucasian male, has been admitted to the hospital for 3 days due to pneumonia. Lab culture result shows Gram(-) Klebsiella pneumoniae (+++) . Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Coronary Heart Disease 10 years ago. He had complained about his chest pain and multiple "cold/flu" episodes in the last 6 months. Before the doctor starts the new antibiotics Ceftazidime/avibactam, Mr. Jones suddenly develops fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. If the venous oxygen saturations are measured, Mr. Jones will have_____ SvO2 compared to his normal situation since his tissue oxygen extraction is low under this shock. a. lower b. higher c. no change d. unstable - Correct Ans-d. unstable Mr. Jones, a 76 year old Caucasian male, has been admitted to the hospital for 3 days due to pneumonia. Lab culture result shows Gram(-) Klebsiella pneumoniae (+++) . Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with Coronary Heart Disease 10 years ago. He had complained about his chest pain and multiple "cold/flu" episodes in the last 6 months. Before the doctor starts the new antibiotics Ceftazidime/avibactam, Mr. Jones suddenly develops fever, hypotension, tachycardia, and lactic acidosis. If the venous oxygen saturations are measured, Mr. Jones's ScvO2 can be ______than