, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma st st
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock st st
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE st
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
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a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D st
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 weeks
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to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels,
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages. Duri
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ng the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, the ai
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with th
st st st st st st st st st st st st
e terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- st st st st st st st st
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is repr
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
esented by the establishment of alveoli. st st st st st
REF: pp. 3-5 st s t
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
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present in the lungs for life develop? st st st st st st
a. 6 months st
b. 1 year st
c. 1.5 years st
d. 2 years st
ANS: C st
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2
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years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years of age, m
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ales have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continue t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
o increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 st st
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratorydistress due to tracheal ste
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nosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
st st st st st st st st st st
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A st
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in devel
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
opment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pulm
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
onaryhypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low nu
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
mber and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseudo
st st st st st st st st st st st st
glandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respi
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insuffic
st st st st st st st st st st st st
ient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation
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of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: p. 6 s t s t st
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oli
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gohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? st st st
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism st st
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall st st st st st
III. Interference with fetal breathing st st st
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid st st st st st
a. I and III onlyst st st
b. II and III only st st st
c. I, II, and IV only st st st st
d. II, III, and IV only st st st st
ANS: D st
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, wit st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
h or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which amn
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
iotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced quant
st st st st st st st st st st st st
ity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal breat
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
hing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations possibl
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
y point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
REF: pp. 6-7 st st
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension st st st
c. To maintain lung elasticity st st st
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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st st st st st
Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
st st st st
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
st st st st st st
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
st st st st st st
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
st st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
st st st
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
st st st st
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
st st st
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
st st st st st st st
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
st st st st st st st
Chapter 13. Airway Management
st st st
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
st st st st
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
st st st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
st st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
st st st st st
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
st st st st
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
st st st st
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
st st st st st st st st st
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
st st st st
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
st st st st
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
st st st st st st st st
Chapter 27. Asthma st st
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
st st st
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
st st st st st
Chapter 30. Shock st st
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
st st st
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
st st st st st
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
st st st st st
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
st st st
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
st st st st st st st
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
st st st st
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
st st st st
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
st st st st st st st st st st
MULTIPLE CHOICE st
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
a capillary network around airway passages?
st st st st st
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D st
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 weeks
st st st st st st st st st st st st
to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels,
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages. Duri
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ng the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, the ai
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
rway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with th
st st st st st st st st st st st st
e terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- st st st st st st st st
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is repr
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
esented by the establishment of alveoli. st st st st st
REF: pp. 3-5 st s t
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
present in the lungs for life develop? st st st st st st
a. 6 months st
b. 1 year st
c. 1.5 years st
d. 2 years st
ANS: C st
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years of age, m
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ales have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continue t
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
o increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
st st st st st st st st
REF: p. 6 st st
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratorydistress due to tracheal ste
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
nosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
st st st st st st st st st st
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A st
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in devel
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
opment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pulm
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
onaryhypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low nu
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
mber and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseudo
st st st st st st st st st st st st
glandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respi
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
ratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insuffic
st st st st st st st st st st st st
ient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
st st st st st st st
REF: p. 6 s t s t st
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between oli
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
gohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? st st st
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism st st
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall st st st st st
III. Interference with fetal breathing st st st
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid st st st st st
a. I and III onlyst st st
b. II and III only st st st
c. I, II, and IV only st st st st
d. II, III, and IV only st st st st
ANS: D st
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, wit st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
h or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which amn
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
iotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced quant
st st st st st st st st st st st st
ity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal breat
st st st st st st st st st st st st st st
hing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations possibl
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
y point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
st st st st st st st st st st st st st
REF: pp. 6-7 st st
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
st st st st st st st st st st st st
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
st st st st st st
b. To reduce surface tension st st st
c. To maintain lung elasticity st st st
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
st st st st st st st
