,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
xa xa xa
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
xa xa xa
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 13. Airway Management
xa xa xa
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
xa xa xa
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
xa xa xa xa
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
MULTIPLE CHOICE xa
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
of a capillary network around airway passages?
xa xa xa xa xa xa
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D xa
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 wee
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular chan
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passag
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
es. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gesta
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tion, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, e
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nding with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place fr
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
om weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar s
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
represented by the establishment of alveoli.
xa xa xa xa xa xa
REF: pp. 3-5 xa x a
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will b
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
e present in the lungs for life develop?
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
a. 6 months xa
b. 1 year xa
c. 1.5 years xa
d. 2 years xa
ANS: C xa
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of
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age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli
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continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 xa xa
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal s
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A xa
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in dev
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
elopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormall
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
y low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during t
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
he pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely),
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa x
severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, alon
a xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
g with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to t
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
he constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
REF: x a x a p. 6 xa
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? xa xa xa
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism xa xa
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall xa xa xa xa xa
III. Interference with fetal breathing xa xa xa
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid xa xa xa xa xa
a. I and III only
xa xa xa
b. II and III only xa xa xa
c. I, II, and IV only
xa xa xa xa
d. II, III, and IV only xa xa xa xa
ANS: D xa
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observ
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimula
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nt.
REF: pp. 6-7 xa xa
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension xa xa xa
c. To maintain lung elasticityxa xa xa
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Table of Contents
xa xa
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
xa xa xa
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
xa xa xa
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 13. Airway Management
xa xa xa
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
xa xa
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
xa xa xa xa
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 27. Asthma
xa xa
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
xa xa xa
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 30. Shock
xa xa
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
xa xa xa
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
xa xa xa
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
xa xa xa xa
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
xa xa xa xa
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
MULTIPLE CHOICE xa
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
of a capillary network around airway passages?
xa xa xa xa xa xa
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D xa
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 wee
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular chan
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passag
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
es. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gesta
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tion, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, e
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nding with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place fr
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
om weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar s
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
represented by the establishment of alveoli.
xa xa xa xa xa xa
REF: pp. 3-5 xa x a
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will b
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
e present in the lungs for life develop?
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
a. 6 months xa
b. 1 year xa
c. 1.5 years xa
d. 2 years xa
ANS: C xa
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
REF: p. 6 xa xa
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal s
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
tenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A xa
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in dev
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
elopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormall
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
y low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during t
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
he pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely),
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa x
severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, alon
a xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
g with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to t
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
he constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
REF: x a x a p. 6 xa
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? xa xa xa
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism xa xa
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall xa xa xa xa xa
III. Interference with fetal breathing xa xa xa
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid xa xa xa xa xa
a. I and III only
xa xa xa
b. II and III only xa xa xa
c. I, II, and IV only
xa xa xa xa
d. II, III, and IV only xa xa xa xa
ANS: D xa
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by whic
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
h amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduc
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ed quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observ
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
ations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimula
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
nt.
REF: pp. 6-7 xa xa
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
xa xa xa xa xa xa
b. To reduce surface tension xa xa xa
c. To maintain lung elasticityxa xa xa
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
xa xa xa xa xa xa xa
