TESTBANK f
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NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
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ATORY CARE mf
5th Edition, Walsh
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TESTBANK f
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,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE mf
1. Which of t he following phases of human lung d evelopment is characterized by t he formation
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of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D mf
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
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eks t o 26 weeks of gestation. This phase i s so named because of t he appearance of vascular ch
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
annels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pa
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ssages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
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gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system deve
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
lops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes
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place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by t he development of sacs that later
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become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
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e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 mf m f
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
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mf be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months mf
b. 1 year mf
c. 1.5 years mf
d. 2 years mf
ANS: C mf
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
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At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially a mong individuals. After 2 years
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of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alve
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
oli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 mf mf
3. The respiratory t herapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory d istress due to tracheal
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mf stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A mf
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of t he lungs characterized by an abnorm
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop duri
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ng the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
rely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airway
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives
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rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: m f m f p. 6 mf
4. Which of t he following mechanisms is ( are) responsible for t he possible association between
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oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
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I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism mf mf
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall mf mf mf mf mf
III. Interference with fetal breathing mf mf mf
IV. Failure t o produce fetal lung liquid mf mf mf mf mf
a. I and III onlymf mf mf
b. II and III only mf mf mf
c. I, II, and IV onlymf mf mf mf
d. II, III, and IV only mf mf mf mf
ANS: D mf
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ich amniotic f luid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for red
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
uced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference
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with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental o
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bservations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth s
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timulant.
REF: pp. 6 -7 mf mf
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by t he t ype II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase t he gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface t ension
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c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of t he amniotic fluid
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m
NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC RESPIR
mf mf mf
ATORY CARE mf
5th Edition, Walsh
m f
mf
TESTBANK f
m
,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Table of Contents
mf mf
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
mf mf mf mf
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
mf mf mf
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
mf mf mf mf
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
mf mf mf
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
mf mf mf mf
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
mf mf mf mf
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
MULTIPLE CHOICE mf
1. Which of t he following phases of human lung d evelopment is characterized by t he formation
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
of a capillary network around airway passages?
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D mf
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
eks t o 26 weeks of gestation. This phase i s so named because of t he appearance of vascular ch
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
annels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pa
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ssages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system deve
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
lops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by t he development of sacs that later
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
REF: pp. 3-5 mf m f
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
mf be present in the lungs for life develop?
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. 6 months mf
b. 1 year mf
c. 1.5 years mf
d. 2 years mf
ANS: C mf
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially a mong individuals. After 2 years
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alve
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
oli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
REF: p. 6 mf mf
3. The respiratory t herapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory d istress due to tracheal
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
mf stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A mf
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of t he lungs characterized by an abnorm
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop duri
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ng the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
rely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airway
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
s, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
f mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
REF: m f m f p. 6 mf
4. Which of t he following mechanisms is ( are) responsible for t he possible association between
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf m
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
f mf mf mf
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism mf mf
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall mf mf mf mf mf
III. Interference with fetal breathing mf mf mf
IV. Failure t o produce fetal lung liquid mf mf mf mf mf
a. I and III onlymf mf mf
b. II and III only mf mf mf
c. I, II, and IV onlymf mf mf mf
d. II, III, and IV only mf mf mf mf
ANS: D mf
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
ich amniotic f luid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for red
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
uced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental o
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
bservations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth s
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
timulant.
REF: pp. 6 -7 mf mf
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by t he t ype II pneumocyte?
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
a. To increase t he gas exchange surface area
mf mf mf mf mf mf
b. To reduce surface t ension
mf mf mf
c. To maintain lung elasticity
mf mf mf
d. To preserve the volume of t he amniotic fluid
mf mf mf mf mf mf mf
