PHCG 422 (EXAM 3) ANTIBIOTICS FINAL
b - Answer -1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding amphotericin B?
a) It interacts with the fungal membrane and form pores to allow ion flux.
b) Fungal can develop resistance to it by increasing their 14-a-demethylase.
c) It has a relatively high toxicity/side effect profile
d) It is often the drug-of-choice for the treatment of many systemic fungal infections.
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding glucan synthase inhibitors
(a.k.a. beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitors)?
a) Caspofungin and micafungin both work by this mechanism of action.
b) They interfere with the formation of fungal cell walls.
c) They are the class of drugs known as the allylamines.
d) They are used for treating infections due to fluconazole-resistant Candida species.
a - Answer -Which of the following is the best reason the triazoles are used as systemic
antifungal agents?
a) They have decreased toxicity and side effects relative to other azoles because they
have high selectivity for fungal P-450 enzymes relative to similar human enzymes.
b) Other azoles are not effective against the pathogens that cause common by the
same mechanism of action as non-liposomal formulations.
c) They are stable in acid and base.
d) They are less expensive than imidazoles.
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding liposomal formulations of
amphotericin B?
a) They are generally less toxic and more expensive than non-liposomal formulations.
b) The liposomes have a high binding affinity for AmB, that shifts the binding equilibrium
of AmB away from the cholesterol in mammalian membranes.
c) They are not considered reliable for the treatment of severe fungal infections.
d) They have essentially the same antifungal spectrum as non-liposomal amphotericin
B.
b - Answer -Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding antifungal drug
mechanisms of action?
a) Flucytosine's metabolite acts as an anti-metabolite and interferes with fungal RNA
synthesis.
b) Griseofulvin works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis.
c) Undecylenic inhibits fungal cell membrane integrity and function.
, d) Tolnaftate (Tinactin) and Terbebifine (Lamisil) inhibit the enzyme squalene
monooxygenase (a.k.a. squalene epoxidase) and interferes with ergosterol
biosynthesis.
c - Answer -Allylamines are used to treat infections caused by which general class of
fungi?
a) Dimorphic fungi
b) Filamentous systemic fungi
c) Filamentous dermatophytes
d) Yeasts
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT used to treat invasive systemic candidemia?
a) Anidulfungin, caspofungin, or micafungin
b) Amphotericin B
c) Nystatin
d) Voriconazole or fluconazole
a - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the toxicity and side effects
caused by Amphotericin B?
a) It is caused by a massive release of histamine into the bloodstream following
systemic administration.
b) They can be reduced by giving the drug by slow infusion over a period of at least four
hours.
c) It can involve severe nephrotoxicity.
d) It is dose-dependent and can be made worse by the administration of other drugs
with similar toxicity profiles.
b - Answer -In cases where a patient cannot or does not choose to take a systemic
antifungal agent, which of the following is considered the most effective topical agent for
the treatment of fungal nail infections?
a) Ciclopirox (Loprox or Penlac)
b) Efinaconazole (Jublia)
c) Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V)
d) Terbenifine (Lamisil)
d - Answer -To produce a synergistic effect, which of the following antifungal drugs or
classes of antifungals is often given in combination with amphotericin B for the
treatment of severe systemic infections, including meningitis, caused by Cryptococcus
neoformans?
a) Azoles
b) Nystatin
c) Isavuconazonium sulfate (Cresemba)
b - Answer -1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding amphotericin B?
a) It interacts with the fungal membrane and form pores to allow ion flux.
b) Fungal can develop resistance to it by increasing their 14-a-demethylase.
c) It has a relatively high toxicity/side effect profile
d) It is often the drug-of-choice for the treatment of many systemic fungal infections.
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding glucan synthase inhibitors
(a.k.a. beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitors)?
a) Caspofungin and micafungin both work by this mechanism of action.
b) They interfere with the formation of fungal cell walls.
c) They are the class of drugs known as the allylamines.
d) They are used for treating infections due to fluconazole-resistant Candida species.
a - Answer -Which of the following is the best reason the triazoles are used as systemic
antifungal agents?
a) They have decreased toxicity and side effects relative to other azoles because they
have high selectivity for fungal P-450 enzymes relative to similar human enzymes.
b) Other azoles are not effective against the pathogens that cause common by the
same mechanism of action as non-liposomal formulations.
c) They are stable in acid and base.
d) They are less expensive than imidazoles.
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding liposomal formulations of
amphotericin B?
a) They are generally less toxic and more expensive than non-liposomal formulations.
b) The liposomes have a high binding affinity for AmB, that shifts the binding equilibrium
of AmB away from the cholesterol in mammalian membranes.
c) They are not considered reliable for the treatment of severe fungal infections.
d) They have essentially the same antifungal spectrum as non-liposomal amphotericin
B.
b - Answer -Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding antifungal drug
mechanisms of action?
a) Flucytosine's metabolite acts as an anti-metabolite and interferes with fungal RNA
synthesis.
b) Griseofulvin works by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis.
c) Undecylenic inhibits fungal cell membrane integrity and function.
, d) Tolnaftate (Tinactin) and Terbebifine (Lamisil) inhibit the enzyme squalene
monooxygenase (a.k.a. squalene epoxidase) and interferes with ergosterol
biosynthesis.
c - Answer -Allylamines are used to treat infections caused by which general class of
fungi?
a) Dimorphic fungi
b) Filamentous systemic fungi
c) Filamentous dermatophytes
d) Yeasts
c - Answer -Which of the following is NOT used to treat invasive systemic candidemia?
a) Anidulfungin, caspofungin, or micafungin
b) Amphotericin B
c) Nystatin
d) Voriconazole or fluconazole
a - Answer -Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the toxicity and side effects
caused by Amphotericin B?
a) It is caused by a massive release of histamine into the bloodstream following
systemic administration.
b) They can be reduced by giving the drug by slow infusion over a period of at least four
hours.
c) It can involve severe nephrotoxicity.
d) It is dose-dependent and can be made worse by the administration of other drugs
with similar toxicity profiles.
b - Answer -In cases where a patient cannot or does not choose to take a systemic
antifungal agent, which of the following is considered the most effective topical agent for
the treatment of fungal nail infections?
a) Ciclopirox (Loprox or Penlac)
b) Efinaconazole (Jublia)
c) Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V)
d) Terbenifine (Lamisil)
d - Answer -To produce a synergistic effect, which of the following antifungal drugs or
classes of antifungals is often given in combination with amphotericin B for the
treatment of severe systemic infections, including meningitis, caused by Cryptococcus
neoformans?
a) Azoles
b) Nystatin
c) Isavuconazonium sulfate (Cresemba)
