BISC 101 midterm EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cytoskeleton - ANS network of fibres that organize internal structure and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in? - ANS They coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? - ANS plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description - ANS single, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells - ANS protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization - ANS 1.
attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus - ANS eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval centre
1
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, What does the nucleus contain? - ANS chromosomes, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear
envelope
Chromosomes - ANS DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin - ANS complex of DNA and proteins
-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones - ANS help DNA coil
Nucleolus - ANS site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope - ANS two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like sheet called the nuclear
lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores - ANS holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of
the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system - ANS regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
Rough ER - ANS Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER - ANS lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs, calcium storage
2
Golgi apparatus - ANS receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins from ER
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, Ribosomes - ANS site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes - ANS make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes - ANS make proteins for export in membrane bound vesicles
(Secretion)
What does the movement of proteins require? - ANS energy and needs to be tightly
regulated
Mitochondria - ANS sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules - ANS provide tracks for "motor proteins" (kinesin) to carry cargo (transport
vesicles) around the cells
centrosome - ANS microtubule-organizing centre
dynein arms - ANS motor protein that connect each pair of microtubules
basal body - ANS anchors the whole structure to the cell
3 types of cell junctions - ANS tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
3
Desmosomes - ANS function like rivets binding adjacent cytoskeletons (muscle cells)
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cytoskeleton - ANS network of fibres that organize internal structure and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in? - ANS They coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? - ANS plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description - ANS single, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells - ANS protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization - ANS 1.
attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus - ANS eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval centre
1
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
, What does the nucleus contain? - ANS chromosomes, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear
envelope
Chromosomes - ANS DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin - ANS complex of DNA and proteins
-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones - ANS help DNA coil
Nucleolus - ANS site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope - ANS two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like sheet called the nuclear
lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores - ANS holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of
the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system - ANS regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
Rough ER - ANS Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER - ANS lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs, calcium storage
2
Golgi apparatus - ANS receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins from ER
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
, Ribosomes - ANS site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes - ANS make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes - ANS make proteins for export in membrane bound vesicles
(Secretion)
What does the movement of proteins require? - ANS energy and needs to be tightly
regulated
Mitochondria - ANS sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules - ANS provide tracks for "motor proteins" (kinesin) to carry cargo (transport
vesicles) around the cells
centrosome - ANS microtubule-organizing centre
dynein arms - ANS motor protein that connect each pair of microtubules
basal body - ANS anchors the whole structure to the cell
3 types of cell junctions - ANS tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
3
Desmosomes - ANS function like rivets binding adjacent cytoskeletons (muscle cells)
Page
@COPYRIGHT BRAINBARTER 2025/2026
