NUR 676 Exam 2 with absolute detailed answers ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
substance dependence - correct answer✔✔any use that imparts significant disability and ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warrants treatment ||//\\||
at risk use: - correct answer✔✔any use of a substance at a quantity or frequency greater
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
than a recommended level.
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recommended upper limit of alcohol consumption for older adults - correct answer✔✔no ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
more than an average of one standard drink per day and no more than two episodes of
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
binge drinking (4+ drinks/day) during a 3 month period.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
low-risk risk or moderate use: - correct answer✔✔alcohol use that falls within the
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
recommended guidelines for consumption and is not associated with problems. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
abstinence - correct answer✔✔no alcohol in the previous year ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
heavy drinking - correct answer✔✔a minimum of 12-21 drinks/week
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
alcohol related dementia - correct answer✔✔1) clinically evident dementia at least 60 days
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
after last alcohol use ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
2) a history of significant use for at least 5 years
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
3) the occurrence of this period of significant use within 3 years of the onset of cognitive
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
deficits
fatal alcohol withdrawal symptoms - correct answer✔✔tachycardia, diaphoresis,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
hypertension, delirium, psychosis, seizures ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
,mistreatment - correct answer✔✔intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
of harm (whether or not harm is intended) to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or another
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
person who stands in a trusted relationship to the elder ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
OSA - correct answer✔✔the coexistence of unexplained excessive daytime sleepiness with at
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
least 5 obstructed breathing events (apnea or hypoapnea) per hour of sleep
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
apnea - correct answer✔✔breathing pause 10 seconds or more
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
hypoapnea - correct answer✔✔event 10 seconds or more where ventilation is <50% of ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
previous baseline during sleep ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
risk factors for OSA - correct answer✔✔Men>Women
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Obesity (BMI >30) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Fat in the neck (men with a neck size > 17 in. and women with a neck size > 15 in.)
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Upper airway anatomy ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Genetic factors ||//\\||
Endocrine disorders (acromegaly, hypothyroidism) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Substances that decrease upper airway muscle tone (alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
STOP-BANG questionnaire - correct answer✔✔eight parameters: Snoring, Tired, Observed ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
stopping breathing during sleep, high blood Pressure, BMI (>35), Age (>50 years), Neck ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
circumference (>40 cm), and Gender (male) -- 3 or more = high risk of OSA ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - correct answer✔✔0-7 normal, 8-9 average amount of daytime ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
sleepiness, 10-15 excessively sleepy depending on situation, 16-24 excessively sleepy ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Mild OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 5-14/hr
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
, Moderate OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 15-30/hr ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Severe OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI >30/hr ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Treatment of OSA - correct answer✔✔Life style changes and CPAP (raises intraluminal airway
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
pressure)
||//\\||
(weight loss at least 10%, avoidance of alcohol/sedatives before bedtime, lateral sleeping
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
position
Consequences of OSA if left untreated - correct answer✔✔Risk of vehicular crash ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hypertension
MI
arrhythmias
stroke
pulmonary HTN ||//\\||
right-sided heart failure ||//\\|| ||//\\||
HIV - correct answer✔✔attack on the body's immune system, specifically CD4 cells, making a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
person more prone to infections or infection related cancers
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hallmark of HIV - correct answer✔✔a profound immunodeficiency resulting primarily in a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
progressive deficiency of helper T-cells, which are found on the surface of the CD4+ molecule ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
AIDS - correct answer✔✔CD4+ T cell count <200
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
substance dependence - correct answer✔✔any use that imparts significant disability and ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
warrants treatment ||//\\||
at risk use: - correct answer✔✔any use of a substance at a quantity or frequency greater
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
than a recommended level.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
recommended upper limit of alcohol consumption for older adults - correct answer✔✔no ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
more than an average of one standard drink per day and no more than two episodes of
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
binge drinking (4+ drinks/day) during a 3 month period.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
low-risk risk or moderate use: - correct answer✔✔alcohol use that falls within the
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
recommended guidelines for consumption and is not associated with problems. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
abstinence - correct answer✔✔no alcohol in the previous year ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
heavy drinking - correct answer✔✔a minimum of 12-21 drinks/week
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
alcohol related dementia - correct answer✔✔1) clinically evident dementia at least 60 days
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
after last alcohol use ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
2) a history of significant use for at least 5 years
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
3) the occurrence of this period of significant use within 3 years of the onset of cognitive
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
deficits
fatal alcohol withdrawal symptoms - correct answer✔✔tachycardia, diaphoresis,
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
hypertension, delirium, psychosis, seizures ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
,mistreatment - correct answer✔✔intentional actions that cause harm or create a serious risk ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
of harm (whether or not harm is intended) to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or another
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
person who stands in a trusted relationship to the elder ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
OSA - correct answer✔✔the coexistence of unexplained excessive daytime sleepiness with at
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
least 5 obstructed breathing events (apnea or hypoapnea) per hour of sleep
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
apnea - correct answer✔✔breathing pause 10 seconds or more
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
hypoapnea - correct answer✔✔event 10 seconds or more where ventilation is <50% of ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
previous baseline during sleep ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
risk factors for OSA - correct answer✔✔Men>Women
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Obesity (BMI >30) ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Fat in the neck (men with a neck size > 17 in. and women with a neck size > 15 in.)
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Upper airway anatomy ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Genetic factors ||//\\||
Endocrine disorders (acromegaly, hypothyroidism) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Substances that decrease upper airway muscle tone (alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
STOP-BANG questionnaire - correct answer✔✔eight parameters: Snoring, Tired, Observed ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
stopping breathing during sleep, high blood Pressure, BMI (>35), Age (>50 years), Neck ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
circumference (>40 cm), and Gender (male) -- 3 or more = high risk of OSA ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - correct answer✔✔0-7 normal, 8-9 average amount of daytime ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
sleepiness, 10-15 excessively sleepy depending on situation, 16-24 excessively sleepy ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Mild OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 5-14/hr
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
, Moderate OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI 15-30/hr ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Severe OSA - correct answer✔✔RDI >30/hr ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Treatment of OSA - correct answer✔✔Life style changes and CPAP (raises intraluminal airway
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
pressure)
||//\\||
(weight loss at least 10%, avoidance of alcohol/sedatives before bedtime, lateral sleeping
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
position
Consequences of OSA if left untreated - correct answer✔✔Risk of vehicular crash ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hypertension
MI
arrhythmias
stroke
pulmonary HTN ||//\\||
right-sided heart failure ||//\\|| ||//\\||
HIV - correct answer✔✔attack on the body's immune system, specifically CD4 cells, making a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
person more prone to infections or infection related cancers
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Hallmark of HIV - correct answer✔✔a profound immunodeficiency resulting primarily in a
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
progressive deficiency of helper T-cells, which are found on the surface of the CD4+ molecule ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
AIDS - correct answer✔✔CD4+ T cell count <200
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
