Introduction to Cryptography - D334 Shawn C839v5/D334 All-In-One Stu
Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ecw9un
Changing plaintext into ciphertext
(Should be applied in at rest and in tran- Encryption
sit)
Changing ciphertext to plaintext Decryption
Encrypt individual files and full disks with
Aescrypt
options such as BitLocker and FileVault
Mapping from our alphabet to a number
of cipher alphabets.
Polyalphabetic
Added complexity in early cryptosys-
tems.
Single mapping from our alphabet to a
cipher alphabet is created. Mono-Alphabetic
Many early cryptosystems.
Considered un-breakable since it only
One-Time Pad
uses its cipher code once.
Method repeats the random numbers af-
ter a given time. (periodic)
Pseudo-Random Number Generators
They are fast and deterministic.
(PRNGs)
Useful in producing repeatable set of
random numbers.
Method generates a true random num-
ber and uses some form of random
process. One approach is to monitor the
movements of a mouse pointer on a
True Random Number Generators
screen or from the pauses between key-
(TRNGs)
strokes. Overall, the method is general-
ly slow, especially if it involves human
interaction, but is non-deterministic and
aperiodic.
Cipher cracking methodology that in-
volves identifying patterns and variations
in the probability of codes.
Frequency Analysis
i.e. a three-letter ciphered text combina-
tion spotted at the beginning of a string
, Introduction to Cryptography - D334 Shawn C839v5/D334 All-In-One Stu
Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ecw9un
too often could tip us off that those three
letters correlate the letters THE in the
English alphabet.
measures level of unpredictability Entropy
ASCII (8bit value, up to 256 characters)
Two common binary to characters en-
UTF-16 (16bit values, up to 65,536 char-
coding methods
acters)
8 bit value, up to 256 characters ASCII
16 bit value, up to 65,536 characters UTF-16
Tamper-evident and intrusion-resistant
physical device that safeguards and
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
manages cryptographic keys and pro-
vides cryptographic processing.
Which encryption is more efficient? Hardware
Dedicated processor that handles hard-
ware-level encryption; allows the use of
full disk encryption on a hard drive in
a manner that minimizes the impact on Trusted platform module (TPM)
system performance.
Contains the encryption keys.
value which only has factors of 1 and
Prime Number
itself
Determine the likelihood of an event hap-
pening, typically by understanding the
chances of how each of the elements in-
Probability
volved in an event interact, and the likeli-
hood of them happening. >> Dependent,
Independent, and mutually exclusive
Mono- alphabetic substitution cipher that
makes use of mapping plaintext charac-
ters to graphical characters rather than Pigpen
to alphabetic ones. i.e. A=(pick a sym-
bol), vs A=(pick a letter). Disadvantage:
Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ecw9un
Changing plaintext into ciphertext
(Should be applied in at rest and in tran- Encryption
sit)
Changing ciphertext to plaintext Decryption
Encrypt individual files and full disks with
Aescrypt
options such as BitLocker and FileVault
Mapping from our alphabet to a number
of cipher alphabets.
Polyalphabetic
Added complexity in early cryptosys-
tems.
Single mapping from our alphabet to a
cipher alphabet is created. Mono-Alphabetic
Many early cryptosystems.
Considered un-breakable since it only
One-Time Pad
uses its cipher code once.
Method repeats the random numbers af-
ter a given time. (periodic)
Pseudo-Random Number Generators
They are fast and deterministic.
(PRNGs)
Useful in producing repeatable set of
random numbers.
Method generates a true random num-
ber and uses some form of random
process. One approach is to monitor the
movements of a mouse pointer on a
True Random Number Generators
screen or from the pauses between key-
(TRNGs)
strokes. Overall, the method is general-
ly slow, especially if it involves human
interaction, but is non-deterministic and
aperiodic.
Cipher cracking methodology that in-
volves identifying patterns and variations
in the probability of codes.
Frequency Analysis
i.e. a three-letter ciphered text combina-
tion spotted at the beginning of a string
, Introduction to Cryptography - D334 Shawn C839v5/D334 All-In-One Stu
Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ecw9un
too often could tip us off that those three
letters correlate the letters THE in the
English alphabet.
measures level of unpredictability Entropy
ASCII (8bit value, up to 256 characters)
Two common binary to characters en-
UTF-16 (16bit values, up to 65,536 char-
coding methods
acters)
8 bit value, up to 256 characters ASCII
16 bit value, up to 65,536 characters UTF-16
Tamper-evident and intrusion-resistant
physical device that safeguards and
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
manages cryptographic keys and pro-
vides cryptographic processing.
Which encryption is more efficient? Hardware
Dedicated processor that handles hard-
ware-level encryption; allows the use of
full disk encryption on a hard drive in
a manner that minimizes the impact on Trusted platform module (TPM)
system performance.
Contains the encryption keys.
value which only has factors of 1 and
Prime Number
itself
Determine the likelihood of an event hap-
pening, typically by understanding the
chances of how each of the elements in-
Probability
volved in an event interact, and the likeli-
hood of them happening. >> Dependent,
Independent, and mutually exclusive
Mono- alphabetic substitution cipher that
makes use of mapping plaintext charac-
ters to graphical characters rather than Pigpen
to alphabetic ones. i.e. A=(pick a sym-
bol), vs A=(pick a letter). Disadvantage:
