Timeline:
1777-1783 - North becomes more industrialised and urbanised
1861 - Civil war started
1863 - Abraham Lincoln signed proclamation freeing slaves
1865 - KKK formed
Jim Crow laws
North wins civil war
Slavery abolished
1930 - Nation of Islam formed
1945 - Many black ppl moved to cities (slums)
1963 - President Kennedy assassinated
1964 - Civil rights act
Focus moved to Northern states/cities
1965 - Malcolm X assassinated
Voting rights act
1965-1967 - Wave of riots in cities
1966 - Black panther party formed
1968 - Dr King assassinated
Context:
After 1945, large numbers of black people moved to cities in slum areas
- Ghettos were created when white ppl moved to more affluent suburbs
- resulted in racially segregated housing (even though not in the law)
- Inner city schools were predominantly black
- Poor quality public facilities
- High unemployment
- Alarming crime rates
- Many one-parent families
- Police brutality
Harsh context resulted in new philosophy of racial separation
- Black ppl run their own society → black pride, bcm based on this
- This would be achieved through whatever means → violence
- “Black is beautiful”
Nation of Islam
- More philosophical
- Totally rejected white christian society
- Adopted islam as religion
- Leaders: Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X
- changed their given christian names
- slaves were named after their masters (eg. property of…)
- wanted to reject slavery and return to their African roots
- Wanted a separate state for black ppl
- Members called themselves African Americans
- Criticised the CRM → it was non-violent & worked w white ppl
- Malcolm X → went on pilgrimage & met (nice) white muslims
- returned to USA and changed teachings, didn’t hate white ppl anymore
1
1777-1783 - North becomes more industrialised and urbanised
1861 - Civil war started
1863 - Abraham Lincoln signed proclamation freeing slaves
1865 - KKK formed
Jim Crow laws
North wins civil war
Slavery abolished
1930 - Nation of Islam formed
1945 - Many black ppl moved to cities (slums)
1963 - President Kennedy assassinated
1964 - Civil rights act
Focus moved to Northern states/cities
1965 - Malcolm X assassinated
Voting rights act
1965-1967 - Wave of riots in cities
1966 - Black panther party formed
1968 - Dr King assassinated
Context:
After 1945, large numbers of black people moved to cities in slum areas
- Ghettos were created when white ppl moved to more affluent suburbs
- resulted in racially segregated housing (even though not in the law)
- Inner city schools were predominantly black
- Poor quality public facilities
- High unemployment
- Alarming crime rates
- Many one-parent families
- Police brutality
Harsh context resulted in new philosophy of racial separation
- Black ppl run their own society → black pride, bcm based on this
- This would be achieved through whatever means → violence
- “Black is beautiful”
Nation of Islam
- More philosophical
- Totally rejected white christian society
- Adopted islam as religion
- Leaders: Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X
- changed their given christian names
- slaves were named after their masters (eg. property of…)
- wanted to reject slavery and return to their African roots
- Wanted a separate state for black ppl
- Members called themselves African Americans
- Criticised the CRM → it was non-violent & worked w white ppl
- Malcolm X → went on pilgrimage & met (nice) white muslims
- returned to USA and changed teachings, didn’t hate white ppl anymore
1
