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How is truth connected to propositions? - ANSWER-The
relationship that holds between a proposition and its
corresponding fact. If a proposition is true, then the conclusion
is true, but if it's false then it's false.
Differentiate between truth, strength, and cogency. - ANSWER--
A strong argument can have a false conclusion even if it starts
with true premises (strong arguments only make the
conclusion probable, not certain).
- cogent argument must have true premises. Cogency is
strength plus true premises.
Cogency: In a strong inductive argument, all premises are true.
All True Premises + Strong Inductive Support = Cogency
Argument
What is meant by validity or strength of an argument? -
ANSWER-Generally, Strong Arguments are ones that are
convincing. And an argument is valid if the premises(if true)
provide proof of the conclusion.
, What is crtical thinking? - ANSWER-- Being curious and
thinking creatively
- Separating the thinker from the position
- Knowing oneself enough to avoid biases and errors of
thought
- Having intellectual honesty, humility, and charity
[being honest about what we know and how we know it, what
evidence we have and what questions are not yet settled]
- Understanding arguments, reasons, and evidence
types of informal fallacies - ANSWER-- Ad Hominem
- Appeal to Ignorance
- Begging the Question
- Confusion of Necessary with a Sufficient Condition
- Equivocation
- False Dilemma
- Faulty Analogy
- Inconsistency
- Irrelevant Authority
- Is-Ought
- Ought Is
- Questionable Cause
- Red Herring
- Slippery Slope