EXAM 1 - BIOS 242 - CHAMBERLAIN questions and
answers 2025-2026 update
DNA is replicated in the ___-ANS >>nucleus
RNA is replicated in the ___-ANS >>cytoplasm
what is the first step in viral replication?-ANS >>penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane usin
spikes)
what is the second step in viral replication?-ANS >>uncoating
what is the third step in viral replication?-ANS >>replication
what is the fourth step in viral replication?-ANS >>assembly
what is the fifth step in viral replication?-ANS >>maturation
what is the sixth step in viral replication?-ANS >>release (release the protein that has the viral component
so it infects more cells)
what are the four types of archaea?-ANS >>methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles
what are characteristics of a methanogen?-ANS >>CO2 with methane
where are methanogens found?-ANS >>swamps, landfill
what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?-ANS >>loves high temperature
where are hyperthermophiles found?-ANS >>volcano
, what are characteristics of a psychrophile?-ANS >>survives in cold temperatures
where are psychrophiles found?-ANS >>ice caps
what are characteristics of a halophile?-ANS >>survives in salt environments
where are halophiles found?-ANS >>salt lake
This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce methane, what is it?-ANS >>methanogen
This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments-ANS >>hyperthemophile
during a gram stain, the presence of ____ gives a purple stain-ANS >>peptidolgycan
why is gram negative bacteria pink?-ANS >>outer membrane is weakened
what do gram negative bacteria have-ANS >>porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid oute
membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
what do gram positive bacteria have-ANS >>lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall
what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use for movement, adherence, o
mating?-ANS >>fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
what is fimbriae used for?-ANS >>adhesion
what is pilus used for?-ANS >>mating/conjugation
what is flagella used for?-ANS >>movement
what is cilia used for?-ANS >>movement
what are the benefits about fungi?-ANS >>used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and alcoho
and decomposition which puts nutrients back into environment
what are the bad things about fungi?-ANS >>contamination
answers 2025-2026 update
DNA is replicated in the ___-ANS >>nucleus
RNA is replicated in the ___-ANS >>cytoplasm
what is the first step in viral replication?-ANS >>penetration/adhesion (attaches to membrane usin
spikes)
what is the second step in viral replication?-ANS >>uncoating
what is the third step in viral replication?-ANS >>replication
what is the fourth step in viral replication?-ANS >>assembly
what is the fifth step in viral replication?-ANS >>maturation
what is the sixth step in viral replication?-ANS >>release (release the protein that has the viral component
so it infects more cells)
what are the four types of archaea?-ANS >>methanogens, hyperthemophile, psychrophile, halophiles
what are characteristics of a methanogen?-ANS >>CO2 with methane
where are methanogens found?-ANS >>swamps, landfill
what are characteristics of a hyperthermophile?-ANS >>loves high temperature
where are hyperthermophiles found?-ANS >>volcano
, what are characteristics of a psychrophile?-ANS >>survives in cold temperatures
where are psychrophiles found?-ANS >>ice caps
what are characteristics of a halophile?-ANS >>survives in salt environments
where are halophiles found?-ANS >>salt lake
This type of archaea live in swamps and marshes and produce methane, what is it?-ANS >>methanogen
This type of archaea requires hot, acidic environments-ANS >>hyperthemophile
during a gram stain, the presence of ____ gives a purple stain-ANS >>peptidolgycan
why is gram negative bacteria pink?-ANS >>outer membrane is weakened
what do gram negative bacteria have-ANS >>porin proteins, lipopolysaccharide-phospholipid oute
membrane surrounding a thin peptidoglycan layer.
what do gram positive bacteria have-ANS >>lipoteichoic acid with thick peptidoglycan cell wall
what are the four different types of structures microorganisms can use for movement, adherence, o
mating?-ANS >>fimbriae, pilus, flagella, and cilia
what is fimbriae used for?-ANS >>adhesion
what is pilus used for?-ANS >>mating/conjugation
what is flagella used for?-ANS >>movement
what is cilia used for?-ANS >>movement
what are the benefits about fungi?-ANS >>used for antibiotics, food products such as yeast and alcoho
and decomposition which puts nutrients back into environment
what are the bad things about fungi?-ANS >>contamination