PSYC-102 Exam #1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
Define Psychology: - answer Science of behavior processes.
Who established the first psychological lab? - answer William Wundt
What method did structuralism psychologists use to study human mind? - answer
Introspection
Who was the first woman APA president? - answer Mary Whiton Calkins
Which school of thought defines psychology as "the study of observable behavior"? -
answer Behaviorism
Name 2 behaviorists: - answer 1. B.F. Skinner
2. John B. Watson
Name the 2 people who supported the humanistic theory? - answer 1. Rogers
2. Maslow
Introspection is used in which school of thought? - answer Structuralism
Briefly describe the nature versus nurture debate? - answer 1. Nature is being
influenced by our genes.
2. Nurture is being influenced by our environment.
What is the term associated with this definition: "Enduring ideas, values and traditions
shared by a group and transmitted across generations? - answer Culture
Define Functionalism: - answer Focused on the function and how it helped our
ancestors.
Which theory emphasized the need for "love and acceptance"? - answer Humanistic
Theory
What are psychology's three main levels of analysis? - answer 1. Biological - Brain
2. Psychological - Mind
3. Socio-cultural - Environment
Define Introspection: - answer Reporting sensations based on their experiences.
, Why do we need psychology science. - answer Because intuition and common sense
could be misleading.
What do scientific theories do? - answer Organize and explain observation, predicts
behaviors or events.
What are 3 basic scientific attitudes? - answer 1. Curiosity
2. Skepticism
3. Humility
What is a hypothesis? - answer Testable prediction.
What is the definition of Mean? - answer The average.
What is the definition of Mode? - answer The most frequent.
What is the definition of Median? - answer The middle.
What is the definition of Range? - answer Maximum - Minimum
If we conduct an experimental study to decide whether drinking coffee causes higher
risk of heart disease, what is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
- answer Independent variable: Coffee drinking.
Dependent variable: Risk of heart disease
What is hindsight bias? - answer Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that we
could have predicted it.
What is overconfidence? - answer People tend to think they know more than they do.
When you apply scientific attitude, you are doing what king of thinking? - answer Critical
thinking.
If a research showed the correlation coefficient between physical exercise and mental
health is .83, does it prove a cause-effect relationship? Why? - answer No. No matter
how strong the relationship, correlation does not prove causation.
What is the purpose of descriptive study? - answer To observe and record behavior.
Complete Solutions
Define Psychology: - answer Science of behavior processes.
Who established the first psychological lab? - answer William Wundt
What method did structuralism psychologists use to study human mind? - answer
Introspection
Who was the first woman APA president? - answer Mary Whiton Calkins
Which school of thought defines psychology as "the study of observable behavior"? -
answer Behaviorism
Name 2 behaviorists: - answer 1. B.F. Skinner
2. John B. Watson
Name the 2 people who supported the humanistic theory? - answer 1. Rogers
2. Maslow
Introspection is used in which school of thought? - answer Structuralism
Briefly describe the nature versus nurture debate? - answer 1. Nature is being
influenced by our genes.
2. Nurture is being influenced by our environment.
What is the term associated with this definition: "Enduring ideas, values and traditions
shared by a group and transmitted across generations? - answer Culture
Define Functionalism: - answer Focused on the function and how it helped our
ancestors.
Which theory emphasized the need for "love and acceptance"? - answer Humanistic
Theory
What are psychology's three main levels of analysis? - answer 1. Biological - Brain
2. Psychological - Mind
3. Socio-cultural - Environment
Define Introspection: - answer Reporting sensations based on their experiences.
, Why do we need psychology science. - answer Because intuition and common sense
could be misleading.
What do scientific theories do? - answer Organize and explain observation, predicts
behaviors or events.
What are 3 basic scientific attitudes? - answer 1. Curiosity
2. Skepticism
3. Humility
What is a hypothesis? - answer Testable prediction.
What is the definition of Mean? - answer The average.
What is the definition of Mode? - answer The most frequent.
What is the definition of Median? - answer The middle.
What is the definition of Range? - answer Maximum - Minimum
If we conduct an experimental study to decide whether drinking coffee causes higher
risk of heart disease, what is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
- answer Independent variable: Coffee drinking.
Dependent variable: Risk of heart disease
What is hindsight bias? - answer Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome that we
could have predicted it.
What is overconfidence? - answer People tend to think they know more than they do.
When you apply scientific attitude, you are doing what king of thinking? - answer Critical
thinking.
If a research showed the correlation coefficient between physical exercise and mental
health is .83, does it prove a cause-effect relationship? Why? - answer No. No matter
how strong the relationship, correlation does not prove causation.
What is the purpose of descriptive study? - answer To observe and record behavior.
