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TEST 3 - Advanced Pathophysiology
Summer 2018 UTA 5315|Certified Exam
Questions With Well Elaborated Answers |
A+ Guide Solution
What decreases contraction and promotes r? (improves diastolic heart failure) -
correct-answer-*Diastolic heart failure needs help relaxing!
-Beta Blockers: Block effects of catecholamines. Metoprolol, Bystolic
-Acidosis
-Hypoxia/hypercapnia
-Calcium channel blockers
Systole -correct-answer-Contraction of heart as it shoots blood
Diastole -correct-answer-Relaxing of heart so it can fill with blood
Systolic heart failure -correct-answer-Heart can't contract
,2|Page
Diastolic heart failure -correct-answer-Heart can't relax
Coronary artery dominance -correct-answer-85% of people are right dominant
Right dominant - posterior descending artery arises from right coronary artery
Left dominant - posterior descending artery arises from left circumflex artery
(about 8% of population)
Codominant - posterior descending artery arises from both the left & right
coronary arteries
Most common site of coronary artery occlusion -correct-answer-Left circumflex
artery
So if a left dominant person has an occlusion in the left circumflex artery, they
have a higher chance for poor outcomes.
Dysphagia in coronary artery disease -correct-answer-When left atria enlarges (as
in from occlusion r/t coronary artery disease), it enlarges and compresses the
,3|Page
esophagus. It can also compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and cause
hoarseness.
Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors -correct-answer-Advanced age, male, post-
menopausal, family history, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes,
obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diet high in fat.
Why does hypertension put a person at increased risk for developing coronary
artery disease? -correct-answer-Causes endothelial damage, making it easier for
cholesterol to accumulate in damaged area, also triggers inflammatory response
and allows buildup of more cholesterol, macrophages, foam cells, platelets
Why does smoking put a person at increased risk for developing coronary artery
disease? -correct-answer-Nicotine triggers release of catecholamines (fight or
flight hormones), which cause vasoconstriction & high blood pressure
Why does diabetes put a person at increased risk for developing coronary artery
disease? -correct-answer-Causes endothelial damage
Chronic ischemia in Coronary Artery Disease -correct-answer-Leads to cellular
damage and eventually heart failure
, 4|Page
Stable Angina -correct-answer--Chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-OCCURS DURING times of ACTIVITY, as in when myocardial oxygen demand is
higher
-Typically can be reproduced (say it happens when patient is running. it'll stop
when he rests, but when he runs again he will have angina.)
Prinzmetal Angina -correct-answer-Chest pain that may occur at REST, typically at
NIGHT, usually caused by VASOSPASM, may or may not be associated with
atherosclerosis.
Acute Coronary Syndrome -correct-answer-Broad term which emcompasses three
diagnoses:
Unstable angina, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, ST elevation infarction
Unstable Angina -correct-answer--Chest pain that is PROLONGED or RECURRENT
at REST, or chest pain that is INCREASING in SEVERITY or FREQUENCY
-Caused by a labile (unstable) thrombus that is does NOT occlude blood flow for
any longer than 20 minutes
-PERFUSION IS RESTORED BEFORE MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS OCCURS
TEST 3 - Advanced Pathophysiology
Summer 2018 UTA 5315|Certified Exam
Questions With Well Elaborated Answers |
A+ Guide Solution
What decreases contraction and promotes r? (improves diastolic heart failure) -
correct-answer-*Diastolic heart failure needs help relaxing!
-Beta Blockers: Block effects of catecholamines. Metoprolol, Bystolic
-Acidosis
-Hypoxia/hypercapnia
-Calcium channel blockers
Systole -correct-answer-Contraction of heart as it shoots blood
Diastole -correct-answer-Relaxing of heart so it can fill with blood
Systolic heart failure -correct-answer-Heart can't contract
,2|Page
Diastolic heart failure -correct-answer-Heart can't relax
Coronary artery dominance -correct-answer-85% of people are right dominant
Right dominant - posterior descending artery arises from right coronary artery
Left dominant - posterior descending artery arises from left circumflex artery
(about 8% of population)
Codominant - posterior descending artery arises from both the left & right
coronary arteries
Most common site of coronary artery occlusion -correct-answer-Left circumflex
artery
So if a left dominant person has an occlusion in the left circumflex artery, they
have a higher chance for poor outcomes.
Dysphagia in coronary artery disease -correct-answer-When left atria enlarges (as
in from occlusion r/t coronary artery disease), it enlarges and compresses the
,3|Page
esophagus. It can also compress the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and cause
hoarseness.
Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors -correct-answer-Advanced age, male, post-
menopausal, family history, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes,
obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diet high in fat.
Why does hypertension put a person at increased risk for developing coronary
artery disease? -correct-answer-Causes endothelial damage, making it easier for
cholesterol to accumulate in damaged area, also triggers inflammatory response
and allows buildup of more cholesterol, macrophages, foam cells, platelets
Why does smoking put a person at increased risk for developing coronary artery
disease? -correct-answer-Nicotine triggers release of catecholamines (fight or
flight hormones), which cause vasoconstriction & high blood pressure
Why does diabetes put a person at increased risk for developing coronary artery
disease? -correct-answer-Causes endothelial damage
Chronic ischemia in Coronary Artery Disease -correct-answer-Leads to cellular
damage and eventually heart failure
, 4|Page
Stable Angina -correct-answer--Chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia
-OCCURS DURING times of ACTIVITY, as in when myocardial oxygen demand is
higher
-Typically can be reproduced (say it happens when patient is running. it'll stop
when he rests, but when he runs again he will have angina.)
Prinzmetal Angina -correct-answer-Chest pain that may occur at REST, typically at
NIGHT, usually caused by VASOSPASM, may or may not be associated with
atherosclerosis.
Acute Coronary Syndrome -correct-answer-Broad term which emcompasses three
diagnoses:
Unstable angina, Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, ST elevation infarction
Unstable Angina -correct-answer--Chest pain that is PROLONGED or RECURRENT
at REST, or chest pain that is INCREASING in SEVERITY or FREQUENCY
-Caused by a labile (unstable) thrombus that is does NOT occlude blood flow for
any longer than 20 minutes
-PERFUSION IS RESTORED BEFORE MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS OCCURS
