HESI Anatomy & Physiology Real
practice Exam With Actual Questions
& Verified Answers,Plus
Rationales/Expert Verified For
Guaranteed Pass 2025/2026 /Latest
Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Mitochondria produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a. Nephron
b. Alveolus
c. Nephron
d. Neuron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine in the kidney.
3. Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
a. Coronal
b. Transverse
c. Sagittal
d. Frontal
Rationale: The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions.
4. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?
a. Skeletal
b. Smooth
c. Cardiac
, d. Connective
Rationale: Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, found in the heart.
5. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the
systemic circulation.
6. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
a. Veins
b. Capillaries
c. Arteries
d. Venules
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated.
7. The exchange of gases between the lungs and blood occurs in the:
a. Bronchi
b. Trachea
c. Alveoli
d. Pleura
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny sacs where gas exchange occurs via diffusion.
8. What is the primary mineral stored in bones?
a. Iron
b. Sodium
c. Calcium
d. Potassium
Rationale: Calcium is stored in bones and provides strength to the skeleton.
9. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
a. Olfactory
b. Vestibulocochlear
c. Optic
d. Facial
Rationale: The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the eye to
the brain.
10. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
a. Axon
b. Dendrite
c. Neuron
, d. Synapse
Rationale: Neurons transmit nerve impulses and are the basic unit of the nervous
system.
11. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
a. Insulin
b. Thyroxine
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Cortisol
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone
resorption and absorption in kidneys and intestines.
12. Which layer of the skin is avascular?
a. Hypodermis
b. Dermis
c. Epidermis
d. Subcutaneous tissue
Rationale: The epidermis lacks blood vessels and relies on diffusion from the dermis.
13. What is the main function of red blood cells?
a. Immune defense
b. Clotting
c. Oxygen transport
d. Enzyme production
Rationale: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen for transport.
14. The pituitary gland is located in which bone?
a. Frontal
b. Temporal
c. Sphenoid
d. Occipital
Rationale: The pituitary gland rests in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
15. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
a. Hinge
b. Pivot
c. Ball-and-socket
d. Saddle
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints, like the shoulder and hip, allow movement in all
directions.
16. Which structure controls the amount of light entering the eye?
a. Lens
b. Cornea
practice Exam With Actual Questions
& Verified Answers,Plus
Rationales/Expert Verified For
Guaranteed Pass 2025/2026 /Latest
Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Rationale: Mitochondria produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a. Nephron
b. Alveolus
c. Nephron
d. Neuron
Rationale: The nephron filters blood and forms urine in the kidney.
3. Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
a. Coronal
b. Transverse
c. Sagittal
d. Frontal
Rationale: The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions.
4. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?
a. Skeletal
b. Smooth
c. Cardiac
, d. Connective
Rationale: Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated, found in the heart.
5. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
Rationale: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the
systemic circulation.
6. Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
a. Veins
b. Capillaries
c. Arteries
d. Venules
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated.
7. The exchange of gases between the lungs and blood occurs in the:
a. Bronchi
b. Trachea
c. Alveoli
d. Pleura
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny sacs where gas exchange occurs via diffusion.
8. What is the primary mineral stored in bones?
a. Iron
b. Sodium
c. Calcium
d. Potassium
Rationale: Calcium is stored in bones and provides strength to the skeleton.
9. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
a. Olfactory
b. Vestibulocochlear
c. Optic
d. Facial
Rationale: The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the eye to
the brain.
10. What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
a. Axon
b. Dendrite
c. Neuron
, d. Synapse
Rationale: Neurons transmit nerve impulses and are the basic unit of the nervous
system.
11. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?
a. Insulin
b. Thyroxine
c. Parathyroid hormone
d. Cortisol
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating bone
resorption and absorption in kidneys and intestines.
12. Which layer of the skin is avascular?
a. Hypodermis
b. Dermis
c. Epidermis
d. Subcutaneous tissue
Rationale: The epidermis lacks blood vessels and relies on diffusion from the dermis.
13. What is the main function of red blood cells?
a. Immune defense
b. Clotting
c. Oxygen transport
d. Enzyme production
Rationale: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen for transport.
14. The pituitary gland is located in which bone?
a. Frontal
b. Temporal
c. Sphenoid
d. Occipital
Rationale: The pituitary gland rests in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
15. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?
a. Hinge
b. Pivot
c. Ball-and-socket
d. Saddle
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints, like the shoulder and hip, allow movement in all
directions.
16. Which structure controls the amount of light entering the eye?
a. Lens
b. Cornea
