Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2
Questions With Correct Answers
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or
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a region) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastritis
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_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with
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hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis
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_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
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and epigastric pain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis
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_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis
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Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
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hematemesis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis | | | |
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull
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epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or
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allergic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastroenteritis
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Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastroenteritis |
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked
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chicken or eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastroenteritis
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Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastroenteritis|
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Helicobacter
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pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause
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inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress)
| | | | | | | | |
may increase the susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Helicobacter pylori
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Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination,
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long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use,
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severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal
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cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark,
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tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also
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back up into the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal
| | | | | | | | |
Reflux Disease) |
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
| | |
,Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus
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fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption,
| | | | | | | | | |
nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain medications (e.g.,
| | | | | | | |
corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and anticholinergics),
| | | | | | |
nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
| | |
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
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recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food,
| | | | | | | | |
and sensation of a lump in the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD
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(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) | |
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and
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chronic pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal
| | | | | | |
Reflux Disease) |
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
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Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) | | |
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
| | | | | | | | | |
use (NSAIDs), H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
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Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI
| | | | | | | | | | | |
tract wall. Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and
| | | | | | | | | | |
protective mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
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Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Duodenal Ulcers
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, Gastric Ulcers |
Stress Ulcers |
Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically
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present with epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Duodenal ulcers |
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and
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nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastric Ulcers | |
Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body due to local tissue
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ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach, and decreased GI
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motility. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcers
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Stress ulcers associated with burns - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Curling's ulcers
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Stress ulcers associated with head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cushing's
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ulcers
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of
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the precipitating event. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcers
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Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and
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tends to be masked by the primary problem - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcer
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Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
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Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping,
| | | | | | | |
heartburn, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic
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Questions With Correct Answers
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or
| | | | | | | | | | | |
a region) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastritis
| | | |
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis
| | | | |
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and epigastric pain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis
| | | | | |
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis
| | | | | | |
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and
| | | | | | | | |
hematemesis. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastritis | | | |
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull
| | | | | | | | | | |
epigastric pain and a sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or
| | | | | | | | | | | |
allergic reaction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastroenteritis
| | | |
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastroenteritis |
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked
| | | | | | | | | | | |
chicken or eggs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Acute Gastroenteritis
| | | | | |
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting -
| | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastroenteritis|
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Helicobacter
| | | | | | | | |
pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause
| | | | | | | | | | | |
inflammation. Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress)
| | | | | | | | |
may increase the susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Helicobacter pylori
| | | | | | |
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination,
| | | | | | | | | |
long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use,
| | | | | | | | |
severe stress, autoimmune conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Chronic Gastritis |
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal
| | | | | | | |
cramping, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark,
| | | | | | | | |
tarry stools can indicate ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
back up into the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal
| | | | | | | | |
Reflux Disease) |
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | |
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
| | |
,Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus
| | | | | | | | | |
fruit, tomatoes, spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption,
| | | | | | | | | |
nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity, pregnancy, certain medications (e.g.,
| | | | | | | |
corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers, and anticholinergics),
| | | | | | |
nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
| | |
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
| | | | | | | | | | |
recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food,
| | | | | | | | |
and sensation of a lump in the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD
| | | | | | | | | | |
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) | |
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and
| | | | | | | |
chronic pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal
| | | | | | |
Reflux Disease) |
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
| | | |
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) | | |
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
| | | | | | | | | |
use (NSAIDs), H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
| | | |
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI
| | | | | | | | | | | |
tract wall. Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and
| | | | | | | | | | |
protective mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
| | | | | | |
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Duodenal Ulcers
| | | | | | | | |
, Gastric Ulcers |
Stress Ulcers |
Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically
| | | | | | | | | | |
present with epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Duodenal ulcers |
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and
| | | | | | | | | |
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Gastric Ulcers | |
Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body due to local tissue
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ischemia, tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach, and decreased GI
| | | | | | | | | | |
motility. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcers
| | | |
Stress ulcers associated with burns - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Curling's ulcers
| | | | | | | |
Stress ulcers associated with head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Cushing's
| | | | | | | | |
ulcers
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the precipitating event. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcers
| | | | | | |
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
tends to be masked by the primary problem - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Stress ulcer
| | | | | | | | | | |
Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
| | | |
Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping,
| | | | | | | |
heartburn, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Peptic
| | | | | | | |
