Community Health Practice Study Questions Exam 2025

In 1988 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report on the future of public health and its mission that defined public health: - -What society does collectively to ensure the conditons in which people can be healthy. The scope of practice of public health nurses is: - -Population focused and community oriented, with a primary emphasis on population-level interventions that target strategies for health promotion and disease prevention. Barriers to implementing population focused care include: - -Lack of understanding of the public health nurse role and it's relationship to other roles in nursing. The role and goals of the community health nursing practice can best be described as: - -Population-level strategies aimed at promoting, preserving, and maintain the health of populations through the delivery of personal health services to individuals, families, and groups in an effort to improve the health of the community as a whole. Community health nursing practice is: - -The synthesis of nursing theory and public health theory Both community health and public health nursing are considered to be: - -Community oriented practices involving free-living (noninstitutionalized) clients. Community based nursing practice is ____ specific. - -Setting specific. Care is provided to clients where they live (home health or hospice nursing, community based clinic) work (occupational health nursing) and/or where they attend school (school nursing). The emphasis of community-based nursing practice - -Acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated and continuous services, usually within a specialty area. Assessment is a core function of public health and refers to: - -Systematically collecting data concerning the population, monitoring the population's health status and making information available on the health of the community. The public health core function of assurances focuses on the: - -Responsibility of public health agencies to be sure that activities are appropriately carried out to meet public health goals and plans. This also involves making sure that essential health services are available and accessible, especially to vulnerable populations. Health Health A nurse planning a smoking cessation clinic for adolescents in the local middle and high schools is providing: - -Community-oriented care. Community-oriented nurses who provide direct care services to individuals, families or groups are engaging in a _________ practice. - -Clinically oriented practice, even when they apply concepts of population-focused, community-oriented strategies along with their direct care clinical strategies. Public health specialists of define problems at the _____ level as opposed to the ____ level. - -Population level as opposed to the individual level. At the population level, public health specialists are usually concerned with more than one subpopulation and frequently with the health of the entire community. Mary Breckenridge established _____ in 1925: - -The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) Mary Breckenridge established the FNS based on a system of care care used in ______ - -The highlands and islands of Scotland. One of Breckenridge's innovative contributions to health care in the U.S was: - Introduction of the first nurse-midwifery training. The unique pioneering spirit of the FNS influenced the development of public health programs to improve the health care of: - -Rural and often inaccessible populations in the Appalachian sections of southeastern Kentucky. The most important contribution made by Florence Nightingale to community-oriented nursing was: - -Expansion of the role of nursing to include health-promotion practices. Florence Nightingale introduced professional nursing eduction in _______ - -1850's England. Florence Nightingale introduced the concept that individual health depended on _____ - -community health, which expanded nurses' focus from care of the ill to include a population-based approach, health promotion and disease prevention Differentiate between "sick nursing" and "health nurses", as defined by Florence Nightingale - -"Health Nursing" emphasized that nurses should strive to promote health and prevent illness. The Social Security Act of 1935 was designed to prevent the ______ - -Reoccurence of the problems of the depression. Social Security Act of 1935, Title VI - -Provided funding for expanded opportunities for health protection and promotion through education and employment of public health nurses. Also provided $2 million in funding for research and investigation of disease. Health Health The most relevant strategy related to Title VI of the Social Security Act of 1935. - Provision of funding to support employment and education. In 1902 Lillian Wald introduced the concept of school nursing to address ____ - -The problem of school absenteeism The primary model for the school nurse program by Lillian Wald was to work with children in the schools and make home visits for the purpose of: - -Providing and obtaining medical treatment for absent students. In New York City in 1897, school medical examination focused on: - -Excluding infectious children from school. In 1902, more than ___ of children might be absent from school on any given day - 20% The shift in the U.S Congress to categorical funding provides federal money for _____ rather than a _____ health program. - -Priority diseases or groups rather than a comprehensive community health program. Primary health care differs from primary care in which way? - -Primary health care encourages community participation T/F Primary health care is the chief means of delivery of health care in the United States. - False The public health system at the state level is responsible for: - -Standing ready to prevent or respond to disasters, both human caused and natural, overseeing health care financing and the administration of programs such as Medicaid and CHIP, providing mental health and professional education; establishing health codes, licenssing facilities and personnel; regulating the insurance industry and providing direct assistance to local health departments. The WHO's Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978) identified ______________ as its primary global goal. - -"Health for All in the Year 2000", later amended in 1998 to "Health for All in the 21st Century." The agency that assumes the responsibility for improving health by expanding access to primary care for low-income, uninsured or rural individuals is: - -Health Resources and Services Administration The Health Resources and Services Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services at the federal level of the public health system is responsible for: - Directing grant programs that improve the nation's health by expanding access to Health Health primary care for low-income and uninsured people, focusing on mothers and their children, people with HIV/AIDS and residents of rural areas. The major factor that drives the current discussions about a Medicare shortfall in the middle of the twenty-first century is: - -Percentage of elderly in the U.S population A nurse questions whether a particular activity in her job description is within a nurse's scope of practice. The nurse would look to which government jurisdiction/agency within the piblic health system to seek clarification? - -State board of nurse examiners. A factor that strongly influences the success of a primary health care system is: - Participation of the community members in the design, implementation and evaluation of the initiative. The focus of public health system in the US - -Primary health care (PHC) PHC is defined as the broad range of services including but not limited to: - -basic health services, family planning, clean water supply, sanitation, immunization and nutrition education. The emphasis is on prevention. The Affordable Health Care for America Act of 2010 does what? - --Requires most Americans to have health insurance coverage - Expands Medicaid - Subsidizes private coverage for low and middle-income people - Transforms the health care system from a sick care system to health care system - Lowers mortality related to preventable causes -Institutes health insurance reform, - Increases access to affordable health care coverage - Increases support for nursing workforce development programs. Evidenced-based nursing practice (EBP) can best be defined as: - -Approach to the integration of the best research available, nursing expertise and the preferences/values of the clients served. (2005 Sigma Theta Tau International) Evidence-based public health is: - -A public health endeavor in which there is informed, explicit and judicious use of evidence that has been derived using an of a variety of scientific and social science research and evaluation methods. External evidence: - -Includes research and other evidence Internal evidence: - -Includes the nurse's clinical experiences and client's preferences. Community-oriented nurses use EBP most effectively when they: - -Base care on nationally accepted clinical guidelines, involve clients in individual care decisions and include community input Health Health A community-oriented nurse seeks to implement EBP in the community clinic's programs. The best model for the nurse to apply is: - -Community development When nurses work with communities, EBP must also be - -Culturally and financially appropriate. The use of EBP that are both culturally sensitve is a necessity to ensure: - -Acceptance by the community and appropriate allocation of limited resources. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on the 3 levels of practice and 17 interventions in the ______. - -Intervention wheel. When a public health nurse uses EBP to evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility and quality of population-based services within the community, the nurse is addressing the core public health function of: - -Assurance. Generally ranked as the highest level of evidence: - -Randomized controlled trial (RCT) As randomized controlled trials are often inappropriate for evaluation public health interventions, the most common approach to establising evidence in public health is the use of: - -Case-control studies. Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt (2010) described 7 Steps in the EBP process - -0. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry 1. Asking clinical questions 2. Searching for the best evidence 3. Critically appraising the evidence 4. Integrating the evidence with clinical expertise and client preferences and values. 5. Evaluating the outcomes of the practice decisions or changes based on evidence 6. Disseminating EBP results. Approaches to EBP include: - -Systematic review, meta-analysis, integrative review and narrative review Three Core public health functions: - -Assessment, policy development, assurance Core public health function: Assessment - -- Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community - Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. - Link people to needed health services - Use EBP for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. Core public health function: Policy Development - --Inform, educate and empower communities about health issues. - Develop policies and plans using EBP that supports indi