Biology 1 Exam Questions and Correct Answers

How are seed plants divided? - -Into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Which kingdom does not have a cell wall? - -Animalia. What is the male reproductive structure of a flower called? - -Stamen. What do xylem and phloem transport in plants? - -Xylem transports water and minerals; phloem transports nutrients and food. What characteristics describe Eubacteria and Archaebacteria? - -Both are prokaryotic and unicellular. If a plant is vascular and cone-producing, what type is it? - -Gymnosperm. A seed is a structure that protects a fertilized plant egg or - -embryo. How are angiosperms classified? - -As monocots and dicots. Which kingdom has the most diverse types of organisms described as 'plant-like', 'animal-like', or 'fungus-like'? - -Kingdom Protista. What are the two types of cones created by cone-bearing plants? - -Male and female. What is the term for the movement of pollen to the stigma in flowering plants? - Pollination. What is the main difference between mosses and other plant types like ferns and roses? - -Mosses do not have vascular tissue, while the others do. What is the function of vascular tissue in plants? - -To transport water, nutrients, and food. What type of tissue do ferns and mosses lack? - -Vascular tissue. What is the primary characteristic of angiosperms? - -They produce flowers and seeds. What is the women reproductive structure of a flower called? - -Pistil. Vascular plants like ferns do not reproduce with seeds instead they make what - -spores Biology Biology Biology what tiny structures do mushrooms release that grows into new mushrooms - -spores is eubacteria, unicellular or multicellular? - -unicellular is archaebacteria, unicellular or multicellular? - -unicellular is fungi, unicellular or multicellular? - -both is protista, unicellular or multicellular? - -both is animalia, unicellular or multicellular? - -multicellular is plantae , unicellular or multicellular? - -multicellular are plantae autotroph or heterotrophs? - -autotrophs are eubacteria autotroph or heterotrophs? - -both are archaebacteria autotroph or heterotrophs? - -both are protista autotroph or heterotrophs? - -both are fungi autotroph or heterotrophs? - -heterotrophs are animalia autotroph or heterotrophs? - -heterotrophs which level of classification contains more organisms the class or the order? - -class DNA is replicated in a what manner - -semiconservative Where is DNA located in eukaryotes? - -nucleus RNA contains the sugar what - -ribose The double coiled shape of a DNA is called a what - -helix In a eukaryotic cell transcription takes place in what - -nucleus in a eukaryotic cell translation occurs at the - -ribosome unlike DNARNA contains the nitrogenous base what - -uracil how many codons are in the following strand of mRNA? AUGCCAGGU - -one Biology Biology DNA is copied during a process called - -replication which characteristics are unique to DNA - -double stranded, deoxyribose, thymine A monomer of a nucleic acid is a - -nucelotide A difference in transcription between prokaryotic and eukaryotic is that transcription and eukaryotic cell requires a process of - -splicing The process of WHAT produces a new / exact copy of an organism's genetic before cell division - -replication copying replication The backbone of a DNA phosphates deoxyribose molecule is a helix made of alternating - -phosphates and deoxyribose sugars What is produced during transcription - -RNA molecules Which of the following makes up a nucleotide found in DNA ? - -deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine In DNA , WHAT always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine . - -cytosine Replicate the following strand of DNA : TTTCGATATCC - -AAAGCTATAGG A triplet of mRNA is called a - -codon What happens during the process of translation - -mRNA is decoded into amino acids to build proteins mRNA tRNA RNA polymerase codon transcription amino acid translation are examples of gene expression or DNA replication - -gene expression DNA polymerase splicing ligase are all examples of gene expression or DNA replication - -DNA replication DNA helicase primase tepoismerase ribosomes RN gene expression or DNA replication - -both A nucleotide is made up of - -phosphate Sugar️ hydrogen bond In humans heterozygous , having a cleft chin C is dominant to having a smooch chin. If two people heterozygous for the to trait have children what percentage of their offspring will be heterozygous - -50% homozygous dominant - -TT Biology Biology Homozygous recessive - -tt heterozygous - -Tt are heterozygous for hybrids or true breeding - -hybrids are homozygous, true breeds or hybrids - -true breeds What does the notation TT mean to geneticists ? - -two dominant alleles , homozygous dominant An organism's physical appearance is its - -phenotype WHAT means that the two members of the allelic pair in the zygote are the same . - homozygous If a homozygous black guinea pig ( BB ) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig bb what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur ? - -100% In humans , detached earlobes ( D ) is dominant to attached earlobes d . Alison and her father have attached earlobes. Her mother has detached earlobes. What is Alison's genotype ? - -dd If a homozygous dominant parent ( TT ) were crossed with a homozygous recessive parent ( tt ) . what would be the probability that the offspring would be homozygous recessive ? - -0 % WHAT is when the individual is heterozygous at two genes . - -dihybrid cross What does codominance mean in genetics ? - -The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive , both phenotypes are present . ) A heterozygous organism has - -two different alleles for a trait . What does a Punnett square show ? - -all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross The different forms of a gene are called - -alleles Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a - -Scientists hybrid Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome in humans is - -autosomal If an organism's diploid number is 12 , its haploid number is - -6 Biology Biology The pedigree chart shown depicts the inheritance pattern of - -An autosomal recessive characteristic with both parents being heterozygous When Gregor Mendel crossed true breeding tall plants with true - breeding short plants , all the offspring were tall because - -the allele for tall plants is dominant Why are sex - linked traits more common in males than in females ? - -A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male . Pod color in pea plants can be either green or yellow with green ( G ) being dominant to yellow What would be the alleles for the parental generation in a monohybrid cross for this trait - -Gg x Gg A capital letter indicates a / an WHAT allele . - -dominant Role of transcription factors - -regulate the expression of genetic information when does DNA replication take place? - -during the S stage of interphase mitosis - -prophase metaphase anaphase telophase define lyse as a step of dna extraction - -initial step where cells are broken open, releasing the DNA and other cellular contents artificial selection - -process where humans, rather than nature, select which organisms get to reproduce based on desired traits ex. Dogs crops livestock. natural selection - -where organisms with traits better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully fe's long necks, Darwin's finches what did darwin find abt adaptions of finches? - -the finches on different islands had beaks of varying sizes and shapes, each adapted to the specific food sources available on their respective island Species - -group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Viruses vs. Bacteria - -Viruses are much smaller, acellular, and need a host cell to replicate, while bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce on their own dorsal/ventral - -back/belly anterior and posterior - -front and back Biology examples of seedless plants - -ferns, horsetails, club mosses examples of non vascular plants - -mosses, liverworts, hornworts examples of gymnosperms - -pines and fir tree is the kingdom archaebacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -Eukaryotic is the kingdom animalia prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -eukaryotic is the kingdom fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -eukaryotic is the kingdom protista prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -eukaryotic is the kingdom archaebacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -Prokaryotic is the kingdom eubacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic - -Prokaryotic Linnaeus' contribution to taxonomy - -classification of organisms components of a scientific name - -genus + species capillary action - -the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid Adhesion - -The property or properties of water responsible for a tree's ability to transport water from the roots all the way to top of the tree capillary action and adhesion in plant xylem - -Play the crucial war role in water transport Osmosis - -absorption at roots; root pressure; forces water up through the xylem for a short distance Define coelom - -body cavity Diploid vs. Haploid - -Diploid refers to the number of complete chromosome sets present in each cell of an organism: diploid cells contain two complete sets. Haploid organisms, on the other hand, only contain one complete chromosome set. gametes for somatic cells - -Gametes are produced by meiosis in the