BIOSTATISTICS - COMLEX LEVEL 1
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Recall1Lbias1L-1LANS--
problem1Lwhen1Lparticipants1Lare1Lasked1Lto1Lrecall1Lprevious1Levents1Lduring1Lthe1Ldat
a1Lcollection1Lstage1Lof1La1Lretrospective1Lstudy
based1Lentirely1Lon1Lmemory1Lso1Lgreater1Ldistance1Lbetween1Linitial1Levent1Land1Ltime
1Lof1Lrecall1Lleads1Lto1Lgreater1Lrisk1Lof1Lerror
can1Lalso1Lbe1Lawareness1Lof1La1Ldisorder1Lalters1Lsomeone's1Lrecall
Confounding1Lbias1L-1LANS--
effect1Lof1Lone1Lfactor1Ldistorts1Lor1Lconfuses1Lthe1Leffect1Lof1Lanother1L
classic1Lexample1Lis1Lthat1Lppl1Lwho1Lcarry1Lmatches1Lare1Lmore1Llikely1Lto1Ldevelop1Ll
unch1Lcancer1Las1Levidence1Lof1Lan1Lassociation1Lbetween1Lcarrying1Lmatches1Land1Llu
ng1Lcancer
smoking1Lis1Lthe1Lconfounding1Lfactor1Lbc1Lsmokers1Lare1Lmore1Llikely1Lto1Lcarry1Lmatc
hes
Hawthorne1Leffect1L-1LANS--
when1Lthe1Lgroup1Lbeing1Lstudied1Lchanges1Lbehavior1Lbecause1Lthey1Lhave1Lknowled
ge1Lof1Lbeing1Lstudied1L
i.e.1Ltest1Ltakers1Ldo1Lbetter1Lon1Lexams1Lwhen1Lthey1Lknow1Lthat1Lthey1Lare1Lbeing1Lst
udied
Late-look1Lbias1L-1LANS--
Information1Lgathered1Lat1Lan1Linappropriate1Ltime1L(like1Lsurveying1Ldead1Lpeople)
i.e.1Lusing1La1Lurvey1Lto1Lstudy1La1Lfatal1Ldisease1L--1Lonly1Lsurvivors1Lcan1Lanswer
Lead-time1Lbias1L-1LANS--
when1Learly1Ldetection1Lof1La1Ldisease1Lis1Lconfused1Lwith1Lincreased1Lsurvival1Lrates1L
of1Lthat1Ldisease
more1Lpeople1Larent1Lsurviving1Lit,1Lits1Ljust1Lbeing1Ldetected1Land1Ltreated1Lsooner1Lle
ading1Lto1Lbetter1Loutcomes
usually1Ld/t1Limproved1Lscreening1Lprocesses
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Recall1Lbias1L-1LANS--
problem1Lwhen1Lparticipants1Lare1Lasked1Lto1Lrecall1Lprevious1Levents1Lduring1Lthe1Ldat
a1Lcollection1Lstage1Lof1La1Lretrospective1Lstudy
based1Lentirely1Lon1Lmemory1Lso1Lgreater1Ldistance1Lbetween1Linitial1Levent1Land1Ltime
1Lof1Lrecall1Lleads1Lto1Lgreater1Lrisk1Lof1Lerror
can1Lalso1Lbe1Lawareness1Lof1La1Ldisorder1Lalters1Lsomeone's1Lrecall
Confounding1Lbias1L-1LANS--
effect1Lof1Lone1Lfactor1Ldistorts1Lor1Lconfuses1Lthe1Leffect1Lof1Lanother1L
classic1Lexample1Lis1Lthat1Lppl1Lwho1Lcarry1Lmatches1Lare1Lmore1Llikely1Lto1Ldevelop1Ll
unch1Lcancer1Las1Levidence1Lof1Lan1Lassociation1Lbetween1Lcarrying1Lmatches1Land1Llu
ng1Lcancer
smoking1Lis1Lthe1Lconfounding1Lfactor1Lbc1Lsmokers1Lare1Lmore1Llikely1Lto1Lcarry1Lmatc
hes
Hawthorne1Leffect1L-1LANS--
when1Lthe1Lgroup1Lbeing1Lstudied1Lchanges1Lbehavior1Lbecause1Lthey1Lhave1Lknowled
ge1Lof1Lbeing1Lstudied1L
i.e.1Ltest1Ltakers1Ldo1Lbetter1Lon1Lexams1Lwhen1Lthey1Lknow1Lthat1Lthey1Lare1Lbeing1Lst
udied
Late-look1Lbias1L-1LANS--
Information1Lgathered1Lat1Lan1Linappropriate1Ltime1L(like1Lsurveying1Ldead1Lpeople)
i.e.1Lusing1La1Lurvey1Lto1Lstudy1La1Lfatal1Ldisease1L--1Lonly1Lsurvivors1Lcan1Lanswer
Lead-time1Lbias1L-1LANS--
when1Learly1Ldetection1Lof1La1Ldisease1Lis1Lconfused1Lwith1Lincreased1Lsurvival1Lrates1L
of1Lthat1Ldisease
more1Lpeople1Larent1Lsurviving1Lit,1Lits1Ljust1Lbeing1Ldetected1Land1Ltreated1Lsooner1Lle
ading1Lto1Lbetter1Loutcomes
usually1Ld/t1Limproved1Lscreening1Lprocesses