HSC 343 END TERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
what does "ACEI" stand for
angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
what are ACEIs used for
mainstay drugs in HF (and HTN)
- considered the first line treatment for Congestive Heart Failure
what do all ACEI drug names end in?
pril
what do ACE inhibitors do
help maintain fluid balance by making sure angio II doesn't mess up; it decreases BP and blood
volume
- It does NOT work on the heart, but helps with BP, cardiac remodeling and fluid management
overall in the body.
side effects of ACEI
cough, increase in K, dizziness, hyperkalemia, & angioedema
what is angioedema
swelling of the tongue; life threatening bc can block airway
what drugs are the ACEI prototype
Lisinopril, enalapril
what are the side effects of lisinopril
cough, angiodema (life threatening), hyperkalemia, dizziness
,what does lisinopril do
helps with BP, cardiac remodeling, and fluid management; does not work on heart
what does "ARB" stand for
angiotensin II receptor blockers
what are ARBs used for
HTN, HF, high BP; related to ACEIs
what is a popular ARB drug used for HF
valsartan
what are some other treatment strategies for CHF
ABCD:
A- ACEI/ARBS
B- Beta Blockers
C- Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
D- diuretics
what combination drug is a newer drug for HF?
sacubitril/valsartan (and ivabradine)
what diuretic drugs are used in HF?
hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide
when using diuretic drugs with HF, what needs to be monitored?
potassium levels
what is often used to control blood pressure for a patient with HF?
beta blockers
what are the effects of digoxin
, cardiovascular drug; increases cardiac contractility, decreases HR, decreases AV nodal
conduction
what are the side effects of digoxin
weight gain (HF worsening), anorexia, NVD (nausea vomiting diarrhea), confusion, blurred
vision, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), hypokalemia
how to treat Dig toxicity
correct K+ and administer Digibind
Milrinone may be used in what type of patient to do what
used in an acute patient to increase the force of contractility
what are the "big four" classes of drugs used for hypertension
beta blockers, CCBs, ACEI/ARBs, and thiazide diuretics
what do all beta blocker drug names end in?
"olol"
what are the main side effects of beta blockers
tiredness (beta-1 blockers), reduced exercise tolerance, respiratory problems (beta-2 blockers)
what do beta blockers do
help with BP; reduce work of heart
what are some of the main beta blocker drugs
propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, labetolol, carvidilol
each beta blocker type blocks a different receptor. how many types are there?
3 (beta-1, beta-2, alpha-1)
what receptors do beta-blockers block
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) (fight or flight responses)
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
what does "ACEI" stand for
angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
what are ACEIs used for
mainstay drugs in HF (and HTN)
- considered the first line treatment for Congestive Heart Failure
what do all ACEI drug names end in?
pril
what do ACE inhibitors do
help maintain fluid balance by making sure angio II doesn't mess up; it decreases BP and blood
volume
- It does NOT work on the heart, but helps with BP, cardiac remodeling and fluid management
overall in the body.
side effects of ACEI
cough, increase in K, dizziness, hyperkalemia, & angioedema
what is angioedema
swelling of the tongue; life threatening bc can block airway
what drugs are the ACEI prototype
Lisinopril, enalapril
what are the side effects of lisinopril
cough, angiodema (life threatening), hyperkalemia, dizziness
,what does lisinopril do
helps with BP, cardiac remodeling, and fluid management; does not work on heart
what does "ARB" stand for
angiotensin II receptor blockers
what are ARBs used for
HTN, HF, high BP; related to ACEIs
what is a popular ARB drug used for HF
valsartan
what are some other treatment strategies for CHF
ABCD:
A- ACEI/ARBS
B- Beta Blockers
C- Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
D- diuretics
what combination drug is a newer drug for HF?
sacubitril/valsartan (and ivabradine)
what diuretic drugs are used in HF?
hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide
when using diuretic drugs with HF, what needs to be monitored?
potassium levels
what is often used to control blood pressure for a patient with HF?
beta blockers
what are the effects of digoxin
, cardiovascular drug; increases cardiac contractility, decreases HR, decreases AV nodal
conduction
what are the side effects of digoxin
weight gain (HF worsening), anorexia, NVD (nausea vomiting diarrhea), confusion, blurred
vision, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat), hypokalemia
how to treat Dig toxicity
correct K+ and administer Digibind
Milrinone may be used in what type of patient to do what
used in an acute patient to increase the force of contractility
what are the "big four" classes of drugs used for hypertension
beta blockers, CCBs, ACEI/ARBs, and thiazide diuretics
what do all beta blocker drug names end in?
"olol"
what are the main side effects of beta blockers
tiredness (beta-1 blockers), reduced exercise tolerance, respiratory problems (beta-2 blockers)
what do beta blockers do
help with BP; reduce work of heart
what are some of the main beta blocker drugs
propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, labetolol, carvidilol
each beta blocker type blocks a different receptor. how many types are there?
3 (beta-1, beta-2, alpha-1)
what receptors do beta-blockers block
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) (fight or flight responses)
