AAMI Pathology Exam Prep – Endocrine Disorders, Metabolic Diseases, Cancer & Immune System Pathology

Degeneration - answerregressive tissue change characterized by swelling of cells and chemical changes within the cells cytoplasm changes due to degeneration leads to - answerthe appearance w/in the cell of substances normally absent or normally present in very small to undetectable amounts form of degeneration cloudy swelling - answermost common and least damaging type of degeneration cloudy swelling is seen in most - answerinfections burn malnutrition shock cloudy swelling involves organs - answerliver kidneys cloudy swelling does not often effect the - answerheart with cloudy swelling the - answercells appear swollen opaque cloudy fatty degeneration or steatosis - answerabnormal accumulation of fat or lipid w/in the cell most common organ affected by fatty degeneration or steatosis - answerliver alcoholism is the most common form of - answeretiology (cause of fatty degeneration/steatosis) other common causes for fatty degeneration or steatosis - Page1 answerstarvation heavy metal poisoning chronic passive congestion prolonged fevers anoxia (lack of sufficient oxygen for normal function) anoxia - answerlack of sufficient oxygen for normal function grossly fatty liver is - answeryellow soft greasy with a fatty liver the microscope shows - answerindividual cells with the normally pink cytoplasm all buy cleared out by fat giving the cells and empty appearance fatty degeneration or steatosis change is potentially - answerreversible but may progress to scarring and cirrhosis if the source of damage is not addressed amyloid disease - answerwaxy starch like amyloid disease is a disease - answerwhich a waxy starch like glycoprotein accumulates in tissues and organs impairing their function amyloid is formed - answerin the body and deposited in various organs deposition of waxy starch like substance can be - answerwide spread depending on the specific disease process and involve the kidney liver spleen adrenal glands other organs the accumulation of amyloid may - answerrepresent a primary disease (amyloidosis) infiltration - answerprocess of a substance passing into a cell and being deposited w/in the substance of a cell, tissue or organ infiltration is an accumulation - answerof a substance that is not normally present or is present in an excess amount infiltration is - answeran intracellular change pigmentation - answerincreasse in the amount or irregular distribution or pigments (color) two types of pigmentation - answerexogenous pigmentation Page2 endogenous pigmentation exogenous pigmentation - answertissue discoloration due to pigments that are not normally present in the body exogenous pigmentation come from - answeroutside the body such as breathing (pneumoconiosis) example of exogenous pigmentation - answercarotenemia anthracosis carotenemia - answeryellow discoloration of the skin from eating large amounts of carotene containing food such as carrots carotenemia is often confused with - answerjaundice jaundice - answerendogenous pigmentation anthroacosis - answera carbon pigmentation deposited in the lungs when inhaling coal dust over a long period of time endogenous pigmentation - answertissue discoloration due to pigment that are normally present in the body example of endogenous pigmentation - answermelanin freckles jaundice or icterus melanin - answerbrownish/black pigment in the epidermis (skin) freckles - answerlocalized areas where melanin is increased jaundice or icterus - answeryellow discoloration in the skin eyes nails due to the retention of bilirubin (pigment portion of bile) bilrubin - answerpigment portion of bile calcification - answeraccumulation of calcium salts in tissues calcification is the - answerafternath of disease and is most common in tuberculosis (the tubercle becomes calcified) calcification can also be seen in - answerarteriosclerosis (calcification or hardening of the arteries) gout - answerdisease of uric acid metabolism (sodium urate) crystals accumulate in Page3 tissues and joints arising in joint pain gout is commonly seen in - answerthe foot but may also affect the kidneys gout is agitated by - answereating red meat or organ meat early diagnosis prevents - answerchronic gout necrosis - answerpathological death of cells tissues or organs which are part of the living body causes of necrosis - answermechanical injury extreme heat or cold loss of nerve supply chemical or bacterial poisons most common cause of necrosis is - answerlack of blood supply types of necrosis - answercaseous necrosis gangrene (gangrenous necrosis) caseous necrosis - answerrefers to cheese like soft friable and has a gray white appearance specific to mycobacterial infection and mycobacterial tuberculosis gangrene - answernecrosis associated with bacteria which invade the tissue often seem in the extremities three types of gangrene - answermoist gangrene or wet gangrene gas gangrene dry gangrene or ischemic necrosis moist gangrene or wet gangrene - answermoist or wet result of tissue necrosis and bacterial infection generally due to obstruction of venous outflow from the area skin is moist and black and has a foul odor is present usually effects the extremities or internal organs spreads fast gas gangrene - answercaused by anaerobic bacteria such as clostridium tissue makes a crackling sound because of gas bubbles in the tissues gas gangrene follows the contamination of a wound w/ spores of the pathogenic clostridia gas gangrene is usually present in a - answersevere lacerated wound that contains dead tissue Page4 particularly dead muscle that has lost is blood supply. the organisms produce a foul