AAMI Pathology Exam Guide – Inflammation, Repair, Immune Response & Neoplasms with Verified Answers

Pathology - answerthe branch of medicine that studies the characteristics, causes and effects of disease Etiology - answerthe study of all factors that may be involved in the development of disease. cause of the disease Pathogenesis - answermanner in which disease(s) develop. changes effects treatment - answerPathology includes etiology, pathogenesis, BLANK and final BLANK that take place in the body as a result of disease. It does not, however, consider BLANK of disease. Pathological Anatomy - answerthe study of structural changes in the body brought about as a result of disease Gross Pathology Microscopic Pathology (Histopathology) - answer2 Branches of Pathological Anatomy Gross Pathology - answera branch of pathological anatomy that studies the structural changes brought about by disease as seen with the naked eye. Microscopic Pathology (Histopathology) - answera branch of pathological anatomy that studies the structural changes brought about by disease and is seen with a microscope. Surgical Page1 Pathology Clinical Pathology Physiological Pathology Micro-Legal (Forensic) Pathology General Pathology Special Pathology - answerDivisions of Pathological Anatomy Surgical Pathology - answerthe study of tissues that have been removed surgically. This is done on a living tissue. Biopsy - answerExample of Surgical Pathology Clinical Pathology - answerthe study of excretions, secretions, and various other body fluids for the purpose of diagnosing a disease. Basically, it is the laboratory diagnosis of disease. excretions secretions laboratory - answerClinical Pathology is the study of BLANK, BLANK, and various other body fluids for the purpose of diagnosing a disease. Basically, it is the BLANK diagnosis of disease. Clinical Pathology Examples - answerblood tests urine analysis pap smears serology/immunopatholgy (the examination of body proteins) Physiological Pathology - answerstudies the changes in function brought about by disease or changes in function during a disease. function - answerPhysiological Pathology studies the changes in BLANK brought about by disease or changes in function during a disease. Micro-Legal (Forensic) Pathology - answera branch of pathology that deals with studies for legal purpose. General Pathology - answerthe study of the general processes of disease such as inflammation, necrosis and cell death. It deals with the body as a whole without reference to any particular organ or system. Forensic Pathology Examples - answerautopsies necropsies post mortem examination removal of specimens from the dead Special Pathology - answerstudies disease in relation to a Page2 particular organ system. Autopsy - answerthe postmortem (after death) examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine the cause or death or pathological condition. Necropsy Postmortem Exam - answer2 Additional Terms for Autopsy Confirm Diagnosis (Treatment) Advance Research Determine ID and Cause of Death - answer3 Purposes for Autopsies Disease - answera disturbance in the structure or function or both of the cells, tissues or organs. the abnormal performance of certain physiologic functions. a dynamic series of changes that may end in: recovery; permanent injury or even death. function cells abnormal physiological - answerDisease is a disturbance in the structure or BLANK or both of the BLANK, tissues or organs, the BLANK performance of certain BLANK functions, and a dynamic series of changes that may end in: recovery; permanent injury or even death. Recovery Permanent Injury Death - answer3 Results of Having a Disease Doctrine of Cellular Pathology - answerthe structural changes of disease may be found in the cells of a sick organ. In other words, if a tissue or organ is infected or sick, then the cells of the tissue will also be infected and sick! Dr. Rudolf Virchow - answerthe "father" of cellular pathology who created the Doctrine of Cellular Pathology Lesion - answerany recognizable change in anatomy or structure of the tissues that can be caused by disease. It is a pathologic change in an organ or tissue. Diagnosis - answerthe determination of the nature and cause of a disease. The identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of signs and symptoms, history, lab results and Page3 procedures. Prognosis - answerThe predicted outcome of a disease Symptoms - answerSubjective complaints experienced by the patient. They are not directly measurable. Examples would be: pain, dizziness, itching. Signs - answerThese are objective, measurable manifestations of a disease. These can be measured or detected. Examples: fever, blood pressure, abnormal pulse or respiratory rate. Syndrome - answera group of symptoms or signs which usually appear together to indicate the presence of a particular disease. Exacerbation - answerAn increase in the severity of the signs and symptoms of a disease. Complication - answerrefers to any unfavorable condition which occurs during the course of a disease. Remission (Abatement) - answerA temporary cessation (stopping) of the manifestations. Congenital Disease - answerexists at the time of birth due to a developmental error, as a result of maternal infection, and having no genetic origin. Acquired Disease - answerone that is acquired after birth. Recurrent Disease - answercomes back or recurs; usually describes diseases which show alternating increases and decreases in their symptoms. Hereditary Disease - answerone pertaining to a characteristic, condition or disease transmitted from parent to offspring. It is associated with a genetic disorder or chromosomal defect. Febrile Disease - answerAny disease characterized by fever. Idiopathic Disease - answeris one of unknown origin. Example: cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis.... . although there are theories as to the Page4 possible cause of these diseases. Acute Disease - answerhas a rapid onset and short duration. Example acute tuberculosis; pneumonia. Chronic Disease - answerhas a slower onset and a long duration. Example arthritis. Occupational Disease - answeroccurs as a result of unfavorable work conditions. EX: Anthracosis or Black Lung Disease is caused by the inhalation of coal dust and Silicosis; caused by the inhalation of silica. Deficiency Disease - answeris brought about due to the absence or lack of an essential vitamin or mineral. Example: rickets (lack of Vitamin D) or goiter (lack in iodine). Intoxicating Disease (Intoxication) - answerone that is brought about by the excess intake of any substance that can cause a state of poisoning. You are basically "poisoned" by a drug or toxic substance. Iatrogenic Disease - answerone which results from a physician's treatment of a patient; any adverse condition in a patient resulting from treatment by a physician or surgeon. Fulminating Disease - answerLatin root meaning lighting flash. In regards to a disease or condition, it refers to rapid, sudden and severe. It is often fatal. Infectious Disease - answerone that is capable of causing an infection. A disease caused by the invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganism. Allergies - answera hypersensitive reaction to a common, harmless antigen, most of which are environmental. This is an acquired immune response. Contagious Disease - answers one that is easily transmitted from person to person either directly or indirectly. Infestation - answerrefers to the presence of macroscopic (can be seen with the unaided eye) organisms in or on the body, such as animal parasites. Organic Disease - answerhas a readily Page5 identifiable characteristic lesion associated with it such as swollen glands, ulcerations during syphilis; inflammation of the mucous membranes of strep throat. Some lesion exists. Functional Disease - answerhas no such characteristic lesion when they occur, such as a migraine headache or various mental disturbances called psychoses. No lesion exists; no anatomical or structural change. Nosocomial - answerpertains to a hospital. Often refers to infection. i.e. (hospital acquired) infection. Prevalence - answerRefers to the number of new and old cases of a disease during a particular period. Mortality Rate - answerthe number of deaths per unit of population. Morbidity Rate - answerrefers to the number of cases of disease per unit of population. Endemic Disease - answerThis type of disease is more or less continuously present in a community (never-ending). A disease or agent that is usually prevalent in a population or geographical area at all times. The expected or "normal" incidence of a condition in a certain geographical area or population. Epidemic Disease - answerThis disease attacks a large number of persons in a community at the same time. One whose incidence is beyond that expected for a given population. Pandemic Disease - answera disease occurring throughout the world. Sporadic Disease - answeroccurs in neither an endemic or epidemic form (here and there with no know connection); occurring occasionally in a random or isolated manner. Predisposing Conditions - answerthose conditions or factors that make the body more susceptible to the development of the disease Age Race Sex (Gender) Hereditary Nutrition Deficiencies Page6 Environment Occupation Stress Money Trauma Physical Agents Chemical Agents Infectious Agents - answer14 Predisposing Conditions placenta 6 - answerVery young infants enjoy immunity to disease that is common in older children because of the transfer of immune bodies from the mother to the infant across the BLANK. These antibodies disappear from the body about the age of BLANK months. Rheumatic Fever Arteriosclerosis - answer2 Diseases affected by age racial surroundings - answerThere is a difference in BLANK ability to live in different BLANK. EX The American Indian is susceptible to tuberculosis. hemophilia - answermen and women differ anatomically, physiologically, and emotionally