NSG 320 EXAM 3 /NSG320 EXAM 3
2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW
VERSION!!!|GUARANTEED PASS
Structural defect in the cerebellum where the cerebellum and brainstem are pushed downward.
Symptoms may include dizziness, muscle weakness, vision problems, headache, and problems
with balance and coordination.
1. Anencephaly
2. Encephalocele
3. Chiari Malformation
Chiari Malformation
There are four different types of Chiari malformation, ranging from no symptoms (Type 1) to
an incomplete or underdeveloped cerebellum (Type 4), which is incompatible with life. This
disorder is diagnosed based on the protrusion of the cerebellum, which defines the severity.
The cerebellum and brainstem are pushed downward, causing pressure on the cerebellum to
block the flow of spinal fluid. Clinical manifestations include dizziness, muscle weakness,
numbness, vision problems, headaches, and problems with balance and coordination.
Occurs when a section of the spinal cord and the nerves are exposed and visible to the outside
of the body.
1. Spina Bifida Cystica
2. Meningocele
3. Spina Bifida Occulta
1. Spina Bifida Cystica
1|Page
,Spina bifida cystica, also called a myelomeningocele, is a disorder that causes partial or
complete paralysis below the spinal opening due to a visible opening that exposes the spinal
cord and nerves outside the body. The myelomeningocele can be removed surgically, but this
does not correct any deficit. This defect should remain covered and protected with a sterile,
moistened, and warm dressing until surgery. The infant should be placed prone and the
diaper should remain open.
Caused by electrical impulses moving through the entire brain involving both hemispheres.
1. Complex focal
2. Simple focal
3. Generalized
3. Generalized
Generalized seizures occur from electrical impulses moving through the entire brain, whereas
simple focal and complex focal seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses moving
through just a small part of the brain; focal seizures can spread to other regions.
Sudden flexor or extensor movements of the neck, trunk, and extremities occurring up to 100
times per day.
1. Status Epilepticus
2. Febrile seizures
3. Infantile spasms
3. Infantile spasms
Infantile spasms are a type of myoclonic epilepsy that occurs in infants from 3 to 12 months,
causing sudden flexor or extensor movements of the neck, trunk, and extremities up to 100
times per day. Typically, the spasms will occur upon awakening or going to sleep without a
known cause. Status epilepticus occurs when the brain is in a state of constant seizure lasting
2 minutes or longer. This form of seizure is a medical emergency and more common in young
children and in elderly individuals. Febrile seizures occur as a result of a rise in body
temperature in children 3 months to 5 years old; they last less than 5 minutes and typically
occur without further brain injury
Child appears to be staring into space or daydreaming.
1. Febrile seizure
2|Page
,2. Focal seizure
3. Absence seizure
3. Absence seizure
An absence seizure causes a loss of awareness without tonic-clonic movements. The child will
appear to be daydreaming or staring into space. Small movements may occur such as subtle
lip smacking, chewing movements, eye fluttering, or small twitches in the hands or fingers;
these may last only a few seconds but may occur repeatedly. Febrile seizures occur with a rise
in body temperature in children 3 months to 5 years and last for less than 5 minutes. Focal
seizures begin in one part of the brain and spread to other regions causing mild twitching of a
body part, unusual smells or tastes, loss of awareness, and small involuntary behaviors such
as lip smacking and mumbling.
Can occur as spastic, athetoid/dyskinetic, ataxic, or mixed.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
1. Cerebral palsy
There are several different types of cerebral palsy (CP), including spastic, which may involve
stiffness on just one side of the body (spastic hemiplegia/hemiparesis), just the legs (spastic
diplegia/diparesis), or all the limbs of the body including the trunk and face (spastic
quadriplegia/quadriparesis). Athetoid or dyskinetic CP can result in uncontrollable change in
muscle tone because of difficulty controlling movements of the body. Ataxic CP causes
problems with balance and coordination, and mixed CP means that the patient has more than
one type of CP.
Degenerative disorder causing weakness of voluntary muscles. Proximal lower extremity
weakness is one of the first findings.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is the most common recessive genetic disorder causing a
3|Page
, degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord resulting in voluntary muscle
wasting and weakness. SMA occurs as three types, with type 1 being the most severe,
beginning in utero or early infancy and causing death typically by age 3 from respiratory
compromise. Type 2 is noted later in infancy, usually manifesting between the ages of 6 and
24 months. Type 3 is diagnosed between 3 and 17 years, causing atrophy of proximal muscles
or delayed motor milestones.
Gradual progression of skeletal muscle weakness and tone typically caused by a gene mutation
of a protein in the body.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
2. Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a disorder that is caused by a gene mutation of the protein
dystrophin, which is important to muscle membrane integrity. There are three different types
of MD, with Duchenne MD being a leading cause of rapid disability in children. This form of
MD is typically diagnosed before 6 years of age and progresses quickly, usually causing death
by 20 years of age from respiratory or cardiac failure.
You are caring for a 6-year-old boy with suspected meningitis. Which clinical manifestations
would you expect? Select all that apply.
1. Afebrile
2. Photosensitivity
3. Stiff neck
4. Altered mental status
5. Spastic leg movement
2. Photosensitivity
3. Stiff neck
4. Altered mental status
Which of the following assessment findings of a newborn would indicate that your patient has
spina bifida? Select all that apply.
4|Page
2025/2026 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW
VERSION!!!|GUARANTEED PASS
Structural defect in the cerebellum where the cerebellum and brainstem are pushed downward.
Symptoms may include dizziness, muscle weakness, vision problems, headache, and problems
with balance and coordination.
1. Anencephaly
2. Encephalocele
3. Chiari Malformation
Chiari Malformation
There are four different types of Chiari malformation, ranging from no symptoms (Type 1) to
an incomplete or underdeveloped cerebellum (Type 4), which is incompatible with life. This
disorder is diagnosed based on the protrusion of the cerebellum, which defines the severity.
The cerebellum and brainstem are pushed downward, causing pressure on the cerebellum to
block the flow of spinal fluid. Clinical manifestations include dizziness, muscle weakness,
numbness, vision problems, headaches, and problems with balance and coordination.
Occurs when a section of the spinal cord and the nerves are exposed and visible to the outside
of the body.
1. Spina Bifida Cystica
2. Meningocele
3. Spina Bifida Occulta
1. Spina Bifida Cystica
1|Page
,Spina bifida cystica, also called a myelomeningocele, is a disorder that causes partial or
complete paralysis below the spinal opening due to a visible opening that exposes the spinal
cord and nerves outside the body. The myelomeningocele can be removed surgically, but this
does not correct any deficit. This defect should remain covered and protected with a sterile,
moistened, and warm dressing until surgery. The infant should be placed prone and the
diaper should remain open.
Caused by electrical impulses moving through the entire brain involving both hemispheres.
1. Complex focal
2. Simple focal
3. Generalized
3. Generalized
Generalized seizures occur from electrical impulses moving through the entire brain, whereas
simple focal and complex focal seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses moving
through just a small part of the brain; focal seizures can spread to other regions.
Sudden flexor or extensor movements of the neck, trunk, and extremities occurring up to 100
times per day.
1. Status Epilepticus
2. Febrile seizures
3. Infantile spasms
3. Infantile spasms
Infantile spasms are a type of myoclonic epilepsy that occurs in infants from 3 to 12 months,
causing sudden flexor or extensor movements of the neck, trunk, and extremities up to 100
times per day. Typically, the spasms will occur upon awakening or going to sleep without a
known cause. Status epilepticus occurs when the brain is in a state of constant seizure lasting
2 minutes or longer. This form of seizure is a medical emergency and more common in young
children and in elderly individuals. Febrile seizures occur as a result of a rise in body
temperature in children 3 months to 5 years old; they last less than 5 minutes and typically
occur without further brain injury
Child appears to be staring into space or daydreaming.
1. Febrile seizure
2|Page
,2. Focal seizure
3. Absence seizure
3. Absence seizure
An absence seizure causes a loss of awareness without tonic-clonic movements. The child will
appear to be daydreaming or staring into space. Small movements may occur such as subtle
lip smacking, chewing movements, eye fluttering, or small twitches in the hands or fingers;
these may last only a few seconds but may occur repeatedly. Febrile seizures occur with a rise
in body temperature in children 3 months to 5 years and last for less than 5 minutes. Focal
seizures begin in one part of the brain and spread to other regions causing mild twitching of a
body part, unusual smells or tastes, loss of awareness, and small involuntary behaviors such
as lip smacking and mumbling.
Can occur as spastic, athetoid/dyskinetic, ataxic, or mixed.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
1. Cerebral palsy
There are several different types of cerebral palsy (CP), including spastic, which may involve
stiffness on just one side of the body (spastic hemiplegia/hemiparesis), just the legs (spastic
diplegia/diparesis), or all the limbs of the body including the trunk and face (spastic
quadriplegia/quadriparesis). Athetoid or dyskinetic CP can result in uncontrollable change in
muscle tone because of difficulty controlling movements of the body. Ataxic CP causes
problems with balance and coordination, and mixed CP means that the patient has more than
one type of CP.
Degenerative disorder causing weakness of voluntary muscles. Proximal lower extremity
weakness is one of the first findings.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is the most common recessive genetic disorder causing a
3|Page
, degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord resulting in voluntary muscle
wasting and weakness. SMA occurs as three types, with type 1 being the most severe,
beginning in utero or early infancy and causing death typically by age 3 from respiratory
compromise. Type 2 is noted later in infancy, usually manifesting between the ages of 6 and
24 months. Type 3 is diagnosed between 3 and 17 years, causing atrophy of proximal muscles
or delayed motor milestones.
Gradual progression of skeletal muscle weakness and tone typically caused by a gene mutation
of a protein in the body.
1. Cerebral palsy
2. Muscular dystrophy
3. Spinal muscular atrophy
2. Muscular dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a disorder that is caused by a gene mutation of the protein
dystrophin, which is important to muscle membrane integrity. There are three different types
of MD, with Duchenne MD being a leading cause of rapid disability in children. This form of
MD is typically diagnosed before 6 years of age and progresses quickly, usually causing death
by 20 years of age from respiratory or cardiac failure.
You are caring for a 6-year-old boy with suspected meningitis. Which clinical manifestations
would you expect? Select all that apply.
1. Afebrile
2. Photosensitivity
3. Stiff neck
4. Altered mental status
5. Spastic leg movement
2. Photosensitivity
3. Stiff neck
4. Altered mental status
Which of the following assessment findings of a newborn would indicate that your patient has
spina bifida? Select all that apply.
4|Page
