NR576/NR 576 FINAL EXAM LATEST
2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Assessing 7ufor 7uprior 7uantibiotic 7uuse 7uis 7ua 7ucritical 7upart 7uof 7uthe 7uhistory 7uin
7upatients 7uwith 7upresenting 7uwith 7u_______________ 7udue 7uto_________________
7u- 7uANS--Diarrhea/CDiff
Irritable 7ubowel 7usyndrome 7u- 7uANS--disorder 7uof 7uthe 7ubowel 7ufunction 7unot 7ufrom
7uanatomic 7uabnormality--constipation, 7udiarrhea, 7ubloating, 7uurgency 7uw/diarrhea
+s/s--result 7ufrom 7udisordered 7usensations 7uor 7uabnormal 7ufunction 7uof 7uthe 7usmall
7uand 7ularge 7ubowel
NOT 7uassociated 7uwith 7userious 7umedical 7uconditions, 7uIBD, 7uCA
Inflammatory 7ubowel 7udisorder 7u- 7uANS--chronic 7uimmunologic 7udisease 7uthat
7umanifests 7uin 7uintestinal 7uinflammation
Ulcerative 7ucolitis
crohn's 7udisease
Two 7ucommon 7uinflammatory 7ubowel 7udiseases 7u- 7uANS--Ulcerative 7ucolitis-mucosal
7usurface 7uof 7uthe 7ucolon 7uis 7uinflamed 7uand 7uultimately 7uresults 7uin 7ufrability,
7uerosions, 7uand 7ubleeding--most 7ucommon 7uin 7urecto-sigmoid 7ucolon. 7uCan 7uinvolve
7uentire 7ucolon, 7upain 7uin 7uRLQ
Crohns 7udisease-inflammation 7uextends 7udeeper 7uinto 7uthe 7uintestional 7uwall 7uand
7ucan 7uinvolve 7uall 7uor 7uany 7ulayer 7uof 7uthe 7ubowel 7uwall 7uand 7uany 7uportion 7uof
7uthe 7uGI 7utract 7ufrom 7uthe 7umouth 7uto 7uthe 7uanus--skipped 7ulesions, 7upain 7uin 7uLLQ
Diverticulitis 7u- 7uANS--Symptoms: 7uLLQ 7upain/tenderness, 7ufever, 7uN/V/D
Need 7uimagining 7uespecially 7uif 7uperforation 7uor 7uperitonitis 7uis 7ususpected--free
7uair=perforation; 7upatient 7umay 7uhave 7uileus, 7usmall 7uor 7ularge 7ubowel 7uobstruction
Can 7uuse 7uplain 7ux-ray
CT 7uor 7uBarium 7uenema 7uare 7upreferred
CT 7uwith 7ucontrast 7uis 7umore 7usensitive 7uand 7uaccurate
,Identify 7uthe 7usignificance 7uof 7uBarrett's 7uesophagus 7u- 7uANS--After 7urepeated
7uexposure 7uto 7ugastric 7ucontents, 7uinflammation 7uof 7uthe 7uesophageal 7umucosa
7ubecomes 7uchronic
Blood 7uflow 7uincreases, 7uerosion 7uoccurs
As 7uerosion 7uheals, 7unormal 7usquamous 7uepithelium 7ureplaced 7uwith 7umetaplastic
7ucolumnar 7uepithelium 7ucontaining 7ugoblet 7uand 7ucolumnar 7ucells. 7u
More 7uresistant 7uto 7uacid 7uand 7usupports 7uesophageal 7uhealing
Premalignant 7utissue
40-fold 7ufrisk 7ufor 7udeveloping 7uesophageal 7uadenocarcinma
Fibrosis 7uand 7uscarring 7uduring 7uhealing 7uof 7uerosions; 7uleads 7uto 7ustrictures
Diagnosis 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--made 7uon 7uhistory 7ualone: 7usensitivity 7uof 7u80% 7u
if 7usymptoms 7uare 7uunclear/patient 7udoes 7unot 7urespond 7uto 7u4 7uweeks 7uof 7uempiric
7utx 7u
made 7uby 7uambulatory 7uesophageal 7upH 7umonitoring
pH 7u<4 7uabove 7uthe 7ulower 7uesophageal 7usphincter 7ucorrelates 7uwith 7usymptoms 7u=
7uGERD 7u
EDG 7uwith 7ubiopsy-Barrett's 7uesohagus
Normal 7uresults 7uin 7u50% 7uof 7usymptomatic 7upatients
Risks 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--Obesity
Increase 7uafter 7uage 7u50
Equal 7uacross 7ugender, 7uethnic, 7uand 7ucultural 7ugroups
Treatments 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--Small 7ufrequent 7umeals-main 7umeal 7uin 7umidday
Avoid 7utrigger 7ufoods
No 7ubedtime 7usnacks: 7uno 7ueating 7u<4 7uhours 7uprior 7uto 7ubed
Eliminate 7ucaffeine, 7ustop 7usmoking, 7uavoid 7utight 7ufitting 7uclothing, 7usleep 7uwith
7uhead 7uof 7uthe 7ubed 7uelevated.
Medications 7ufor 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--antacids 7uor 7uOTC 7uH2 7u(Tagamet, 7uzantac,
7uaxid)
Rx-strength 7uH2 7u(ranitidine 7u150mg 7uBID, 7ufamotidine 7u20mg 7uBID) 7uor 7uPPI
7u(pantoprazole 7u40mg 7udaily, 7uomeprazole 7u20mg 7udaily)
PPI 7u(Omeprazole 7u40mg 7udaily)
Surgery 7u(fundoplication)
Differential 7udiagnosis 7uof 7uacute 7uabd 7upain 7u- 7uANS--Acute 7uappendicitis
Acute 7upancreatitis
Acute 7ucholecystitis
Acute 7uappendicitis 7u- 7uANS--Inflammation 7uof 7uthe 7uvermiform 7uappendix; 7udue 7uto
7uobstruction 7uor 7uinfection
7uMost 7ucommon 7usurgical 7uemergency 7uof 7uthe 7uabdomen
7uHollow 7utube 7u- 7umost 7ucommon 7ucause 7uis 7uobstruction 7uof 7uappendix
, 7uFecaltih 7u- 7uhard 7ulump 7uof 7ufecal 7umatter
7uUndigested 7useeds
7uPinworm 7uinfections
7uLymphoid 7ufollicle 7ugrowth/lymphoid 7uhyperplasia 7uSymptoms
4. 7uSymptoms
7uNausea/vomiting
7uRLQ 7upain
7uGuarding
Acute 7upancreatitis 7u- 7uANS--Sudden 7uinflammation 7uand 7uhemorrhaging 7uof 7uthe
7upancreas 7udue 7uto 7udestruction 7uby 7uits 7uown 7udigestive 7uenzymes
1. 7uAutodigestion
7uMost 7uof 7uthe 7utime 7umild, 7ubut 7ucan 7ube 7usevere
7uPancreas 7u
7uLong 7uskinny 7ugland, 7ulength 7uof 7udollar 7ubill
7uLocated 7uin 7uupper 7uabdomen
7uBehind 7uthe 7ustomach
7uEndocrine
7uAlpha/beta 7ucells 7uproduce 7uinsulin 7u& 7uglucagon 7uthat 7uare 7usecreted 7uinto 7uthe
7ublood 7ustream
7uExocrine
7uLeading 7ucauses:
7uETOH 7uabuse
7uGallstones
7uOther 7uCauses 7uof 7uacute 7upancreatitis
1. 7uI 7uGet 7uSmashed
7uI 7u- 7uidoipathic
7uG- 7ugallstones
7uE- 7uETOH 7uabuse
7uT 7u- 7utrauma
7uS 7u- 7usteroids
7uM 7u- 7umumps 7uvirus
7uA 7u- 7uautoimmune 7udiseases
7uS 7u- 7uscorpion 7ustings
7uH 7u- 7uhypertriglyceridemia 7u& 7uhypercalcemia
7uE 7u- 7uERCP
7uD 7u- 7udrugs 7u
Symptoms
Nausea
7uVomiting
7uHypocalcemia
7uCullen's 7usign 7u- 7ubruising 7uaround 7uumbilicus
7uGrey-Turner's 7uSign 7u- 7uBruising 7ualong 7uflank
7uNecrosis 7uinduced 7uhemorrhaging 7uspreads
Acute 7ucholecystitis 7u- 7uANS--Inflammation 7uof 7ugallbladder 7u(GB)
2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY
GRADED A+
Assessing 7ufor 7uprior 7uantibiotic 7uuse 7uis 7ua 7ucritical 7upart 7uof 7uthe 7uhistory 7uin
7upatients 7uwith 7upresenting 7uwith 7u_______________ 7udue 7uto_________________
7u- 7uANS--Diarrhea/CDiff
Irritable 7ubowel 7usyndrome 7u- 7uANS--disorder 7uof 7uthe 7ubowel 7ufunction 7unot 7ufrom
7uanatomic 7uabnormality--constipation, 7udiarrhea, 7ubloating, 7uurgency 7uw/diarrhea
+s/s--result 7ufrom 7udisordered 7usensations 7uor 7uabnormal 7ufunction 7uof 7uthe 7usmall
7uand 7ularge 7ubowel
NOT 7uassociated 7uwith 7userious 7umedical 7uconditions, 7uIBD, 7uCA
Inflammatory 7ubowel 7udisorder 7u- 7uANS--chronic 7uimmunologic 7udisease 7uthat
7umanifests 7uin 7uintestinal 7uinflammation
Ulcerative 7ucolitis
crohn's 7udisease
Two 7ucommon 7uinflammatory 7ubowel 7udiseases 7u- 7uANS--Ulcerative 7ucolitis-mucosal
7usurface 7uof 7uthe 7ucolon 7uis 7uinflamed 7uand 7uultimately 7uresults 7uin 7ufrability,
7uerosions, 7uand 7ubleeding--most 7ucommon 7uin 7urecto-sigmoid 7ucolon. 7uCan 7uinvolve
7uentire 7ucolon, 7upain 7uin 7uRLQ
Crohns 7udisease-inflammation 7uextends 7udeeper 7uinto 7uthe 7uintestional 7uwall 7uand
7ucan 7uinvolve 7uall 7uor 7uany 7ulayer 7uof 7uthe 7ubowel 7uwall 7uand 7uany 7uportion 7uof
7uthe 7uGI 7utract 7ufrom 7uthe 7umouth 7uto 7uthe 7uanus--skipped 7ulesions, 7upain 7uin 7uLLQ
Diverticulitis 7u- 7uANS--Symptoms: 7uLLQ 7upain/tenderness, 7ufever, 7uN/V/D
Need 7uimagining 7uespecially 7uif 7uperforation 7uor 7uperitonitis 7uis 7ususpected--free
7uair=perforation; 7upatient 7umay 7uhave 7uileus, 7usmall 7uor 7ularge 7ubowel 7uobstruction
Can 7uuse 7uplain 7ux-ray
CT 7uor 7uBarium 7uenema 7uare 7upreferred
CT 7uwith 7ucontrast 7uis 7umore 7usensitive 7uand 7uaccurate
,Identify 7uthe 7usignificance 7uof 7uBarrett's 7uesophagus 7u- 7uANS--After 7urepeated
7uexposure 7uto 7ugastric 7ucontents, 7uinflammation 7uof 7uthe 7uesophageal 7umucosa
7ubecomes 7uchronic
Blood 7uflow 7uincreases, 7uerosion 7uoccurs
As 7uerosion 7uheals, 7unormal 7usquamous 7uepithelium 7ureplaced 7uwith 7umetaplastic
7ucolumnar 7uepithelium 7ucontaining 7ugoblet 7uand 7ucolumnar 7ucells. 7u
More 7uresistant 7uto 7uacid 7uand 7usupports 7uesophageal 7uhealing
Premalignant 7utissue
40-fold 7ufrisk 7ufor 7udeveloping 7uesophageal 7uadenocarcinma
Fibrosis 7uand 7uscarring 7uduring 7uhealing 7uof 7uerosions; 7uleads 7uto 7ustrictures
Diagnosis 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--made 7uon 7uhistory 7ualone: 7usensitivity 7uof 7u80% 7u
if 7usymptoms 7uare 7uunclear/patient 7udoes 7unot 7urespond 7uto 7u4 7uweeks 7uof 7uempiric
7utx 7u
made 7uby 7uambulatory 7uesophageal 7upH 7umonitoring
pH 7u<4 7uabove 7uthe 7ulower 7uesophageal 7usphincter 7ucorrelates 7uwith 7usymptoms 7u=
7uGERD 7u
EDG 7uwith 7ubiopsy-Barrett's 7uesohagus
Normal 7uresults 7uin 7u50% 7uof 7usymptomatic 7upatients
Risks 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--Obesity
Increase 7uafter 7uage 7u50
Equal 7uacross 7ugender, 7uethnic, 7uand 7ucultural 7ugroups
Treatments 7uof 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--Small 7ufrequent 7umeals-main 7umeal 7uin 7umidday
Avoid 7utrigger 7ufoods
No 7ubedtime 7usnacks: 7uno 7ueating 7u<4 7uhours 7uprior 7uto 7ubed
Eliminate 7ucaffeine, 7ustop 7usmoking, 7uavoid 7utight 7ufitting 7uclothing, 7usleep 7uwith
7uhead 7uof 7uthe 7ubed 7uelevated.
Medications 7ufor 7uGERD 7u- 7uANS--antacids 7uor 7uOTC 7uH2 7u(Tagamet, 7uzantac,
7uaxid)
Rx-strength 7uH2 7u(ranitidine 7u150mg 7uBID, 7ufamotidine 7u20mg 7uBID) 7uor 7uPPI
7u(pantoprazole 7u40mg 7udaily, 7uomeprazole 7u20mg 7udaily)
PPI 7u(Omeprazole 7u40mg 7udaily)
Surgery 7u(fundoplication)
Differential 7udiagnosis 7uof 7uacute 7uabd 7upain 7u- 7uANS--Acute 7uappendicitis
Acute 7upancreatitis
Acute 7ucholecystitis
Acute 7uappendicitis 7u- 7uANS--Inflammation 7uof 7uthe 7uvermiform 7uappendix; 7udue 7uto
7uobstruction 7uor 7uinfection
7uMost 7ucommon 7usurgical 7uemergency 7uof 7uthe 7uabdomen
7uHollow 7utube 7u- 7umost 7ucommon 7ucause 7uis 7uobstruction 7uof 7uappendix
, 7uFecaltih 7u- 7uhard 7ulump 7uof 7ufecal 7umatter
7uUndigested 7useeds
7uPinworm 7uinfections
7uLymphoid 7ufollicle 7ugrowth/lymphoid 7uhyperplasia 7uSymptoms
4. 7uSymptoms
7uNausea/vomiting
7uRLQ 7upain
7uGuarding
Acute 7upancreatitis 7u- 7uANS--Sudden 7uinflammation 7uand 7uhemorrhaging 7uof 7uthe
7upancreas 7udue 7uto 7udestruction 7uby 7uits 7uown 7udigestive 7uenzymes
1. 7uAutodigestion
7uMost 7uof 7uthe 7utime 7umild, 7ubut 7ucan 7ube 7usevere
7uPancreas 7u
7uLong 7uskinny 7ugland, 7ulength 7uof 7udollar 7ubill
7uLocated 7uin 7uupper 7uabdomen
7uBehind 7uthe 7ustomach
7uEndocrine
7uAlpha/beta 7ucells 7uproduce 7uinsulin 7u& 7uglucagon 7uthat 7uare 7usecreted 7uinto 7uthe
7ublood 7ustream
7uExocrine
7uLeading 7ucauses:
7uETOH 7uabuse
7uGallstones
7uOther 7uCauses 7uof 7uacute 7upancreatitis
1. 7uI 7uGet 7uSmashed
7uI 7u- 7uidoipathic
7uG- 7ugallstones
7uE- 7uETOH 7uabuse
7uT 7u- 7utrauma
7uS 7u- 7usteroids
7uM 7u- 7umumps 7uvirus
7uA 7u- 7uautoimmune 7udiseases
7uS 7u- 7uscorpion 7ustings
7uH 7u- 7uhypertriglyceridemia 7u& 7uhypercalcemia
7uE 7u- 7uERCP
7uD 7u- 7udrugs 7u
Symptoms
Nausea
7uVomiting
7uHypocalcemia
7uCullen's 7usign 7u- 7ubruising 7uaround 7uumbilicus
7uGrey-Turner's 7uSign 7u- 7uBruising 7ualong 7uflank
7uNecrosis 7uinduced 7uhemorrhaging 7uspreads
Acute 7ucholecystitis 7u- 7uANS--Inflammation 7uof 7ugallbladder 7u(GB)
