NURS 504 exam 2
Beta blockers - answer"olols"
metoprolol
propranolol
carvedilol
pharmacodynamics of beta blockers - answer-prevent beta-adrenergic receptors from
being stimulated
-decrease the oxygen demands of heart and decrease angina
-causes blockade in myocardium/electrical conduction
decrease HR
vasodilator
-reduces release of renin
Overall role of beta blocker - answers low HR by suppressing the SA node which slows
the speed of conduction through the AV node
-decreases the force of contraction
-decrease BP
-reduce contractility
how do beta blockers work - answerBlock epinephrine from binding to the beta
receptors which causes the heart to beat slower and reduces blood pressure, lowering
BP
beta blocker prototype drug - answerMetoprolol (Lopressor)
side effects of beta blockers - answerbradycardia
bronchoconstriction
decreased cardiac output
AV block
hypotension
Class I - answerlidocaine
nursing interventions beta blockers - answer-do not abruptly stop medication
-Monitor blood pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, and cardiac rhythm and
conduction (Check EKGs)
metoprolol - answertreatment of hypertension, angina, controlled congestive heart
failure
-do not abruptly stop medication
-goal: decrease workload on heart and its oxygen need
, goal of anti-hypertension medications - answeraffect/change one or more mechanisms
that affect peripheral resistances
starting medication for high BP - answerdiuretic
Loop diuretics - answerFurosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide
Torsemide
-always have ide
furosemide (lasix) - answerloop diuretic
treats peripheral and pulmonary edema and hypertension by inhibiting the reabsorption
of sodium, chloride, and water in the ascending loop of henle
pharmacodynamic of loop diuretics - answerblock reabsorption of sodium/chloride and
prevent reabsorption of water in LOOP OF HENLE
-decrease blood volume
-excretion of water and sodium
side effects of loops diuretic - answerototoxicity/tinnitus (hearing problems),
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, hypokalemia
Hypokalemia - answerdeficient potassium in the blood (normal 3.5-5)
-issues are generally cardiac and dysrhythmia related
Thiazide diuretics - answerHydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
-always have thiazide in them
Pharmacodynamics of thiazide diuretic - answerblock reabsorption of sodium/chloride
and prevent reabsorption of water in distal convoluted tubule
side effects of thiazide diuretic - answerDehydration
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
hyperglycemia
Potassium sparing diuretics - answerSpironolactone (Aldactone)
spironolactone - answerpotassium sparing diuretic
manage edema and hypertension by inhibiting transport of sodium in distal convoluted
tubules, decreases sodium and water reabsorption but increases potassium retention
Pharmacodynamics potassium sparing diuretics - answerblock action of aldosterone
which results in potassium retention and excretion of Na and H2O
Beta blockers - answer"olols"
metoprolol
propranolol
carvedilol
pharmacodynamics of beta blockers - answer-prevent beta-adrenergic receptors from
being stimulated
-decrease the oxygen demands of heart and decrease angina
-causes blockade in myocardium/electrical conduction
decrease HR
vasodilator
-reduces release of renin
Overall role of beta blocker - answers low HR by suppressing the SA node which slows
the speed of conduction through the AV node
-decreases the force of contraction
-decrease BP
-reduce contractility
how do beta blockers work - answerBlock epinephrine from binding to the beta
receptors which causes the heart to beat slower and reduces blood pressure, lowering
BP
beta blocker prototype drug - answerMetoprolol (Lopressor)
side effects of beta blockers - answerbradycardia
bronchoconstriction
decreased cardiac output
AV block
hypotension
Class I - answerlidocaine
nursing interventions beta blockers - answer-do not abruptly stop medication
-Monitor blood pressure, pulmonary wedge pressure, and cardiac rhythm and
conduction (Check EKGs)
metoprolol - answertreatment of hypertension, angina, controlled congestive heart
failure
-do not abruptly stop medication
-goal: decrease workload on heart and its oxygen need
, goal of anti-hypertension medications - answeraffect/change one or more mechanisms
that affect peripheral resistances
starting medication for high BP - answerdiuretic
Loop diuretics - answerFurosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide
Torsemide
-always have ide
furosemide (lasix) - answerloop diuretic
treats peripheral and pulmonary edema and hypertension by inhibiting the reabsorption
of sodium, chloride, and water in the ascending loop of henle
pharmacodynamic of loop diuretics - answerblock reabsorption of sodium/chloride and
prevent reabsorption of water in LOOP OF HENLE
-decrease blood volume
-excretion of water and sodium
side effects of loops diuretic - answerototoxicity/tinnitus (hearing problems),
dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, hypokalemia
Hypokalemia - answerdeficient potassium in the blood (normal 3.5-5)
-issues are generally cardiac and dysrhythmia related
Thiazide diuretics - answerHydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
-always have thiazide in them
Pharmacodynamics of thiazide diuretic - answerblock reabsorption of sodium/chloride
and prevent reabsorption of water in distal convoluted tubule
side effects of thiazide diuretic - answerDehydration
Hypokalemia
Hypotension
hyperglycemia
Potassium sparing diuretics - answerSpironolactone (Aldactone)
spironolactone - answerpotassium sparing diuretic
manage edema and hypertension by inhibiting transport of sodium in distal convoluted
tubules, decreases sodium and water reabsorption but increases potassium retention
Pharmacodynamics potassium sparing diuretics - answerblock action of aldosterone
which results in potassium retention and excretion of Na and H2O
