1|Page
PATHO EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the basic function of the kidney? - ANSWER -Excrete
metabolic wastes.
-Regulate acid-base balance.
-Secrete hormones.
-Regulation of pH, blood volume and osmolarity.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to:result
of increased: - ANSWER Perfusion pressure in the glomerular
capillaries
On average, the kidneys receive approximately ____% to ____%
of the cardiac output. - ANSWER 20;25
The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is: - ANSWER
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
,2|Page
Only the kidneys can eliminate ____ from the body as a means
of regulating body pH, when urine buffers are present. -
ANSWER Hydrogen (H+)
The patient is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis.
The recovery phase of ATN is characterized by - ANSWER
Diuresis
Regardless of the cause, chronic renal failure results in
progressive permanent loss of nephrons, glomerular filtration,
and renal - ANSWER Endocrine functions
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by -
ANSWER Fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes -
ANSWER Fluid administration
A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as
the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because - ANSWER GFR
declines
,3|Page
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage
renal disease is - ANSWER Insufficient erythropoietin
The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage
renal disease is - ANSWER Insufficient metabolic acid excretion
due to nephron loss
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes -
ANSWER Erythropoietin administration
A characteristic manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is -
ANSWER Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by - ANSWER Antigen-
antibody complexes
Chronic pyelonephritis, a significant cause of renal failure, is
most commonly caused by - ANSWER Intrarenal reflux
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is - ANSWER Genetically
transmitted
, 4|Page
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include -
ANSWER Proteinuria
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The
composition of these calculi is most likely to be - ANSWER Uric
acid crystals
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated
with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is - ANSWER
Proteinuria
A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is - ANSWER
Dehydration
The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing
the ureter is - ANSWER Renal colic
Clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection in an 85 year
old may include: - ANSWER Confusion and poorly localized
abdominal discomfort
PATHO EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What is the basic function of the kidney? - ANSWER -Excrete
metabolic wastes.
-Regulate acid-base balance.
-Secrete hormones.
-Regulation of pH, blood volume and osmolarity.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to:result
of increased: - ANSWER Perfusion pressure in the glomerular
capillaries
On average, the kidneys receive approximately ____% to ____%
of the cardiac output. - ANSWER 20;25
The best estimate of functioning renal tissue is: - ANSWER
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
,2|Page
Only the kidneys can eliminate ____ from the body as a means
of regulating body pH, when urine buffers are present. -
ANSWER Hydrogen (H+)
The patient is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis.
The recovery phase of ATN is characterized by - ANSWER
Diuresis
Regardless of the cause, chronic renal failure results in
progressive permanent loss of nephrons, glomerular filtration,
and renal - ANSWER Endocrine functions
The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by -
ANSWER Fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance
Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes -
ANSWER Fluid administration
A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as
the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because - ANSWER GFR
declines
,3|Page
The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage
renal disease is - ANSWER Insufficient erythropoietin
The most likely cause of acidosis in a patient with end-stage
renal disease is - ANSWER Insufficient metabolic acid excretion
due to nephron loss
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes -
ANSWER Erythropoietin administration
A characteristic manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is -
ANSWER Hypertension
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by - ANSWER Antigen-
antibody complexes
Chronic pyelonephritis, a significant cause of renal failure, is
most commonly caused by - ANSWER Intrarenal reflux
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is - ANSWER Genetically
transmitted
, 4|Page
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include -
ANSWER Proteinuria
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The
composition of these calculi is most likely to be - ANSWER Uric
acid crystals
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated
with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is - ANSWER
Proteinuria
A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is - ANSWER
Dehydration
The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing
the ureter is - ANSWER Renal colic
Clinical manifestations of a urinary tract infection in an 85 year
old may include: - ANSWER Confusion and poorly localized
abdominal discomfort
