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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 RASMUSSEN QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Physiological concepts of flight or fight response?
The release of catecholamines and cortisol during the alarm
stage of the generalized adaptation syndrome. SNS triggers an
acute stress response. Pupils dilate, HR and BP increases,
bladder relaxes.
Define Homeostasis.
Equilibrium of the body.
Function of a ribosome?
Aid in protein production.
Hormone that raises blood sugar?
Glucagon
Main function of the endocrine system?
The glands of the endocrine system secrete a wide range of
hormones and chemical messengers that help regulate growth,
development, mood metabolism, and reproduction.
Function of plasma protein?
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Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Maintains osmotic pressure,
coagulation factors, transports antibodies, hormones, lipids,
vitamins, and minerals.
Intracellular contain a high ____- note which electrolytes
Potassium, magnesium and phosphate
Physiologic effect of hyponatremia?
Results from low serum sodium levels (<135 mEq/L). As sodium
levels decrease, water shifts into cells. This can cause unstable
gait, osteoporosis, attention deficit, cells swell.
Define hypovolemia
fluid deficit in the intravascular compartment
This stores electrolytes and acts like an electrolyte pool in the
body
the kidneys
Define "sign", "contraindication"
Sign: something found during an exam, or diagnosis testing that
indicates something
Contraindication: Anything (including a symptom or medical
condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a
particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful
Normal range of sodium
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135-145 mEq/L
Clinical manifestations of fluid volume overload
Hypovolemia. C/M: swelling (edema) of the feet, ankles, wrists,
face, high BP, headache, and bloating.
Know components of insensible water loss
The amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured,
from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted
stool.
Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions
Hypotonic: Lower concentration of sodium/solutes in solution
than the blood cells swell
Hypertonic: Higher concentration of sodium/solutes in solution
than the blood cells shrink
Isotonic: equal concentrations
define osmosis
movement of water from low concentration to high across a cell
membrane
Normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
define diffusion
movement of solutes: from high to low concentration
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 RASMUSSEN QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Physiological concepts of flight or fight response?
The release of catecholamines and cortisol during the alarm
stage of the generalized adaptation syndrome. SNS triggers an
acute stress response. Pupils dilate, HR and BP increases,
bladder relaxes.
Define Homeostasis.
Equilibrium of the body.
Function of a ribosome?
Aid in protein production.
Hormone that raises blood sugar?
Glucagon
Main function of the endocrine system?
The glands of the endocrine system secrete a wide range of
hormones and chemical messengers that help regulate growth,
development, mood metabolism, and reproduction.
Function of plasma protein?
,2|Page
Albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen. Maintains osmotic pressure,
coagulation factors, transports antibodies, hormones, lipids,
vitamins, and minerals.
Intracellular contain a high ____- note which electrolytes
Potassium, magnesium and phosphate
Physiologic effect of hyponatremia?
Results from low serum sodium levels (<135 mEq/L). As sodium
levels decrease, water shifts into cells. This can cause unstable
gait, osteoporosis, attention deficit, cells swell.
Define hypovolemia
fluid deficit in the intravascular compartment
This stores electrolytes and acts like an electrolyte pool in the
body
the kidneys
Define "sign", "contraindication"
Sign: something found during an exam, or diagnosis testing that
indicates something
Contraindication: Anything (including a symptom or medical
condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a
particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful
Normal range of sodium
, 3|Page
135-145 mEq/L
Clinical manifestations of fluid volume overload
Hypovolemia. C/M: swelling (edema) of the feet, ankles, wrists,
face, high BP, headache, and bloating.
Know components of insensible water loss
The amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured,
from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted
stool.
Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions
Hypotonic: Lower concentration of sodium/solutes in solution
than the blood cells swell
Hypertonic: Higher concentration of sodium/solutes in solution
than the blood cells shrink
Isotonic: equal concentrations
define osmosis
movement of water from low concentration to high across a cell
membrane
Normal pH of blood
7.35-7.45
define diffusion
movement of solutes: from high to low concentration
