NR 547 Final Exam: NR 547 Final Exam:Study Guide(PMHNP): Questions & Answers: Updated Solution

Bipolar I and II disorders (Ans- These mood disorders include mood swings that range from highs (mania) to lows (depression). It's sometimes difficult to distinguish between bipolar disorder and depression. Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) (Ans- Involves highs and lows that are milder than those of bipolar disorder. mood disorders (Ans- Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes that occur across a spectrum from depression to mania. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) (Ans- This mood disorder in children includes chronic and severe irritability and anger with frequent extreme temper outbursts. This disorder typically develops into depressive disorder or anxiety disorder during the teen years or adulthood. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)(Ans- Less severe but more chronic form of depression. While it's usually not disabling, persistent depressive disorder can prevent you from functioning normally in your daily routine and from living life to its fullest. Depressed mood, for more days than not, for ≥2 years. Impairment compared with major depressive disorder may be less severe. During the 2 years, the patient has never been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) (Ans- Depression symptoms associated with hormone changes that begin a week before and improve within a few days after the onset of your period, and are minimal or gone after completion of your period. Depression Prevalence in older adults (Ans- Depression is the second leading cause of disability in older adults after cardiovascular disease and impacts around 7% of the geriatric population Biologic factors, including changes in brain structure and neurotransmitters after a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or with a neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease, may increase the risk of depression. Examine the image below for additional risk factors.Depression in Older Adults (Ans- Depression is the second leading cause of disability in older adults after cardiovascular disease and impacts around 7% of the geriatric population. Depression often presents as a comorbidity with other physical or cognitive disease processes in older adults and may present differently than in adolescents or younger adults. Depression risk factors (AnsChronic illness Disability/ loss of mobility Change in living situation Role transitions Loss of independence Bereavement Economic hardships