Exam 2) NSG 322 Exam 2: Questions & Answers (Topics 3, 4, and 5): Latest Updated

describe cluster B disorders (Ans – characterized by behaviors that can be described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic (unpredictable) what occurs with clients diagnosed with cluster B personality (Ans – tend to have BIG responses to interactions and situations, regardless of what the expected, "typical", response would be. what are the 3 types of cluster B personality disorders (Ans – -borderline -antisocial -narcissistic Describe borderline personality disorder (Ans – -emotional lability -emotional dysregulation -impulsive aggression -impulsivity -comorbid conditions -watch for: splitting describe antisocial (Ans – - is a pattern of disregard for the rights of others and their frequent violation. People with this disorder may be more commonly referred to as sociopaths. This diagnosis is reserved for adults, but symptoms are evident by the midteens. what are symptoms of people who have an antisocial personality disorder (Ans – -The main pathological traits that characterize antisocial personality disorder are antagonistic behaviors such as being deceitful and manipulative for personal gain or hostile if one's needs are blocked. -The disorder is also characterized by disinhibited behaviors such as risk taking, disregard for responsibility, and impulsivity. Criminal misconduct and substance misuse are common in this population. -People with this disorder are mostly concerned with gaining personal power or pleasure; in relationships they focus on their own gratification to an extreme. They have little to no capacity for intimacy and, in relationships, will exploit others if it benefits them. One of the most disturbing qualities associated with antisocial personality disorder is a profound lack of empathy, also known as callousness. This results in a lack of concern about the feelings of others, the absence of remorse or guilt except in the face of punishment, and a disregard for meeting school, family, and other obligations. -A person with antisocial personality disorder may be able to act witty and charming and be good at flattery and manipulating the emotions of others. nursing guidelines for people with antisocial personality disorder (Ans – §monitor for aggression §enforce limits, boundaries, rules §frequent team collaboration §self-assessment treatment modalities for people with antisocial personality disorders (Ans – •Individual, group, family therapies •Rx: may be useful to stabilize mood or decrease anxiety or depression describe cluster C disorders (Ans – - characterized by behaviors that can be described as anxious or fearful. They feel a significant level of anxiety under the surface much of the time, and their "comfort zones" are the places or situations where they feel that this anxiety is controllable. Changes in situations, relationship, or even physical illness - actually, even the thought of the possibility of changes like these - can feel overwhelming to these clients, as though a geyser were about to erupt and break through the tense surface at any moment. - Clients diagnosed with any of the three cluster C personality disorders tend to be very CAUTIOUS with interactions and situations, compared to the "typical" person's approach. This level of caution and fear of failure or criticism can have a significant impact on the person's relationships and may blur the boundary between personal life and work life, for example. what are the three types of personality disorder associated with cluster C (Ans – -avoidant -dependent -obsessive-compulsive describe avoidant personality disorder (Ans – - extremely sensitive to rejection, feel inadequate, and are socially inhibited. They avoid interpersonal contact owing to fears of rejection or criticism. - The main pathological personality traits are low self-esteem associated with poor functioning in social situations, feelings of inferiority compared with peers, and a reluctance to engage in unfamiliar activities involving new people. Some can function in a protective environment. However, if their support system fails, they can suffer from depression, anxiety, and anger. They are especially sensitive to and preoccupied with rejection, humiliation, and failure. They often avoid new interpersonal relationships or activities because of their fears of criticism or disapproval what are symptoms of avoidant personality disorder (Ans – Early symptoms of the disorder are often evident in infants and children. These symptoms include shyness and avoidance that, unlike common shyness, increase during adolescence and early adulthood. what are the guidelines for nursing care for avoidant personality disorder (Ans – • Nurses should use a friendly, accepting, and reassuring approach. • Remember that being pushed into social situations can cause severe anxiety for these patients. • Convey an attitude of acceptance toward patient fears. • Provide the patient with exercises to enhance new social skills but use these with caution because any failure can increase the patient's feelings of poor self-worth. • Assertiveness training can help the person learn to express needs. treatment modalities for avoidant personality disorder (Ans – - Individual and group therapy is useful in processing anxiety-provoking symptoms and in planning methods to approach and handle anxiety-provoking situations. Psychotherapy focuses on trust and assertiveness training. - Antianxiety agents can be helpful. Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists (e.g., atenolol) help reduce autonomic nervous system hyperactivity. - Antidepressant medications—including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as citalopram (Celexa) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as venlafaxine (Effexor)—may reduce social anxiety. - Serotonergic agents may help individuals with avoidant personalities feel less sensitive to rejection. describe dependent personality disorder (Ans – - a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an overwhelming need to be cared for. This need results in intense fears of separation. - Dependent personality disorder may be the result of chronic physical illness or punishment for independent behavior in childhood. The inherited trait of submissiveness may also be a factor. symptoms of people with a dependent personality disorder (Ans – -People with dependent personality disorder have a great need to be taken care of. This can lead to patterns of submissiveness with fears of separation and abandonment by others. Because they lack confidence in their own ability or judgment, these individuals may manipulate others to assume responsibility for such activities as dealing with finances or child rearing. This may create problems by leaving them more vulnerable to exploitation by others because of their passive and submissive nature. Feelings of insecurity about their self-agency and lack of self-confidence may interfere with attempts at becoming more independent. They may experience intense anxiety when left alone for even brief periods of time guidelines for nursing care with dependent personality disorder (Ans – • Nurses can help the patient identify and address current stressors. • Be aware that strong countertransference may develop because of patient's demands for extra time and crisis states. • The therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can provide a testing ground for increased assertiveness through role modeling and teaching of assertive skills. treatment modalities with dependent personality disorder (Ans – Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for dependent personality disorder. CBT can help patients develop more healthy and accurate thinking by examining and challenging automatic thoughts that result in fearful behavior. This process can help in developing new perspectives and attitudes about the need for other people. There are no specific medications indicated for this disorder, but symptoms of depression and anxiety may be treated with the