PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 RASMUSSEN QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific
antigen from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - CORRECT ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - CORRECT ANSWER -135-145
mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - CORRECT ANSWER -
23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hyponatremia / hypernatremia
,Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of
living beings
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of
organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -The study of the causes and origins of disease
, 4 topics of pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
treatment
pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - CORRECT ANSWER -signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - CORRECT ANSWER -a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or
any of its signs and symptom
remission - CORRECT ANSWER -decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - CORRECT ANSWER -a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous disease
or injury
acute - CORRECT ANSWER -sudden onset and short duration
chronic - CORRECT ANSWER -long term
Primary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking
drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER --conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific
antigen from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER -IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - CORRECT ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - CORRECT ANSWER -135-145
mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - CORRECT ANSWER -1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - CORRECT ANSWER -
23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hyponatremia / hypernatremia
,Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - CORRECT ANSWER -Hypermagesemia
condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - CORRECT ANSWER -hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of
living beings
Pathology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of
organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER -The study of the causes and origins of disease
, 4 topics of pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
treatment
pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER -development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - CORRECT ANSWER -signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - CORRECT ANSWER -a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or
any of its signs and symptom
remission - CORRECT ANSWER -decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - CORRECT ANSWER -a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous disease
or injury
acute - CORRECT ANSWER -sudden onset and short duration
chronic - CORRECT ANSWER -long term
Primary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER -Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking
drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - CORRECT ANSWER --conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
